Circulatory System Flashcards
System that is a closed loop
Blood vascular system
Parts of the blood vascular system
Heart, arteries, arterioles, veins, veinules, capillaries
System that is open ended
Lymphatic system
Organs of the lymphatic system
Lymphatic vessels, collections of lymphatic tissue
Discrete collections of lymphatic tissue are called
lymph nodes
Diffuse collections of lymphatic tissue are part of
organ walls
Structure to prevent back flow in the circulatory system
valves
Functions of the circulatory system
Transport & exchange
Immunity
Thermoregulation
What drives the circuit of the blood vascular system?
Hydro-static pressure also known as blood pressure
Pressure (in mmhg) of blood at these stages: Leaving the heart At the tissue In the capillaries In the atria of the heart
Leaving the heart: 125 in Aorta, 25 in Pulmonary trunk
At the tissue: 25-30
In the capillaries: 15
In the atria of the heart: 2 in R Atrium, 3 in L Atrium
What fluid is carried by the lymphatic system
Interstitial fluid
What is the process of the lymphatic system/pattern?
Movement of mm. squeezes interstitial fluid into the open ducts of the system
Fluid is moved along to a lymph node where it is checked for foreign mater, bacteria, viruses, ext. and the lymph node works to kill and remove the foreign matter
Fluid continues along the lymphatic vessels and nodes on its path to the heart where it is reincorporated with the blood vascular system
What are the different circulatory patterns?
System pattern
Pulmonary pattern
Lymphatic pattern
Fetal pattern
Function and path of the system pattern
Function: Transport and exchange nutrients and waste
Heart, Aorta, Arteries, Capillary bed, Veins, Vena cava, Heart
Function and path of the pulmonary pattern
Function: Transport and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
Heart, Pulmonary trunk, Pulmonary arteries, Capillary be in lungs, Pulmonary veins, Heart
Function and path of the Portal system
Function: Acquire nutrients from GI and filter absorbed material from GI tract in the liver
Heart, Aorta, Arteries, Capillary bed of GI, Hepatic portal vein, Capillary bed of liver, Veins, Vena cava, Heart
Chambers of the heart
R & L Atria
R & L Ventricles
Wall between the L & R halves of the heart
Sept: Interatrial between atria & interventricular between ventricles
Valves of the heart
Atrioventricular valves: R is tricuspid, L is mitral
Pulmonic valve
Aortic valve
Holes between atria and ventricles
Atrioventricular orifices
Cranialdorsal chambers of the heart
Atria
Caudalventral chambers of the heart
Ventricles
Tissue acting like a stop cord for the atrioventricular valves
Chordae tendineae- attached to papillary mm. in ventricles
Location of the pulmonic valve
R ventricle
Location of the aortic valve
L ventricle
Vena cava empty blood into which chamber of the heart
R atrium
Pulmonary veins empty blood into which chamber of the heart
L atrium
Purpose of valves in the circulatory system
Provide a one way flow of fluid
Contraction of ventricles is called
Systole
Relaxation of ventricles is called
Diastole
Path of a blood cell
Vena Cava into RA at low O2 and 2mmhg
Diastole- RV drops to 0mmhg, tricuspid opens, blood fills RV
Systole- RV up to 25mmhg, tricuspid closes, pulmonic valve opens, blood flows into pulmonary trunk
Proceeds to lungs and back to heart via pulmanary veins
Blood enters LA at high O2 and 3mmhg
Diastole- LV drops to 0mmhg, mitral valve opens, blood fills LV
Systole- LV up to 125mmhg, mitral valve closes, aortic valve opens, blood flows into aorta
Proceeds to body tissue and back to Vena cava
Cardiac Cycle
Systole- ventricles contract, atrioventricular valves close, blood from veins flow into atria, pulmonary and aortic valves open, blood from ventricles flow into pulmonary trunk and aorta
Diastole- ventricles relax to 0mmhg, atrioventricular valves open, pulmonary and aortic valves shut, blood flows from atria to ventricles
Repeate
Blood pressure in pulmonic trunk
25/8 mmhg
Blood pressure in aorta
125/80 mmhg
What creates heart sounds?
Vibration due to valves closing and turbulence caused by blood flowing against the valves
The closure of which valves creates the first heart sound?
Atrioventricular valves, the lub sound
The closure of which valves creates the second heart sound?
Pulmonic and aortic valves, the dub sound
Serous membrane of the heart is called
Pericardium
Name 2 serous cavities of the thorax
Pericardial cavity and pleural cavity
Name the 2 walls of the pericardial cavity
Visceral pericardium (epicardium) Parietal pericardium
Pericardial sac is made up of
Mediastinal pleura
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Goals of fetal circulation
Get maximal quality blood ( high oxygen and nutrients) to the brain with minimal mixing with low quality blood
Unique fetal structures and their purpose
Umbilical arteries- get blood to the placenta from the fetus
Umbilical vein- get blood from the placenta to the fetus
Ductus venous- have high quality blood bypass the liver
Foramen ovale- have high quality blood bypass the pulmonary system and prevent mixing with low quality blood
Ductus arteriosus-have higher quantity of blood bypass the pulmonary system
Consequence of birth for the fetal circulatory system
1st breath: inflate lungs, decrease lung resistance, increase blood flow to lungs, increasing oxygen levels in blood thus dilating pulmonary aa., constricting umbilical v. and aa., ductus venosus and arteriosus
Increase of blood flow to lungs: decrease pressure in R atrium and increases pressure in L atrium thus closing the fovea ovale
Remnants of unique fetal circulatory system
Umbilical v.- round lig. of liver Umbilical aa.- round ligg. of urinary bladder Ductus venous- ligamentum venosum Foramen ovale- fossa ovalis Ductus arteriosus- ligamentum arteriosum
