Vertabrates Flashcards
Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars, etc.
Echinoderms
_________ can regenerate after injury or loss of part of their body; fragmentation,
asexual reproduction
Echinoderms
All species in this group are marine
Echinoderms
early larval stages have bilateral symmetry, adults have pentaradial symmetry
Echinoderms
endoskeleton under the skin
composed of calcareous ossicles
Echinoderms
coelom partially modified into water vascular system
Echinoderms
All species in this group are marine and some can inject toxins
Echinoderms
a flexible, rod-shaped support structure
notochord
derived from ectoderm that in most species develops into the brain and spinal cord
dorsal hollow nerve cord
DHNC
pharyngeal slit and post-anal tail
2 other key features that Chordata have
earliest terrestrial tetrapods
Amphibians
__________ have four well developed limbs, are carnivores, and require water for reproduction
Amphibians
__________ have moist, permeable skin with mucus glands that allows cutaneous respiration
Amphibians
____________ do external fertilization
Amphibians
__________ have scales that cover their skin that prevent water loss, and do internal fertilization
Reptiles
Birds are _____________ which means that they generate their own body heat metabolically
Endothermic
____________ are modified reptilian scales
Feathers
___________ have skin that is covered by hair or fur
Mammals
______________ have glands including mammary glands
Mammals
____________ have an ancestory called the cynodont reptile
Mammals
early _________ and small nocturnal insectivores are called Morganucdonts
Mammals
- monotremes– egg-laying platypus & echidnas,
- marsupials
-placental mammals
3 rounds of radiation & extinction
the largest existing land animals
Elephants
3 species of Elepants living in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia
- African bush elephant
- the African forest elephant
- the Asian elephant
habitats for __________ include savannahs, forests, deserts, & marshes
Elephants
Elephants are ___________ and ____________
herbivores, social
________ in groups of females and ___________ lead by the matriarch
Cows, Calves
_________ leave their family groups at puberty, solitary with other males, interact with family groups for mating
Bulls
Increase in size
Megaherbivores
The ___________ in ______ allows elephants to survive on low-nutritional value vegetation
increase in size
Upper second incisors on elephants are called
tusks
Straight, curved upward, curved downward, spiralled
tusk shape by species
Earliest ___________ were smaller and aquatic in late Paleocene
Proboscids
at the beginning of Pleistocene, elephantids experienced a _____________
High rate of speciation
in the Late Pleistocene, most proboscidean species vanished during the _____________ that killed off 50% of genera weighing over 5 kg
(11 lb) worldwide
Quaternary glaciation
Hagfish and Lamprey
Jawless Fish
Sharks, ray, and skates
cartilaginous fish
Ray-finned fish, lobe-finned fish
Bony Fish
Frogs, salamanders, caecilians
Reptile examples
Embryos develop in shelled egg and it is protected by amniotic membranes
Reptiles and birds
Enchinodermata and Chordata are examples of
Deuterostomes
Tunicates, Lancelets, and Vertebrates
Chordata
