Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SCI 102 - Biology > Plant Diversity > Flashcards

Plant Diversity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Most ancestral group of plants

A

Bryophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

most live in damp (forest floor) and/or inhospitable (tundra) environments– rely on water for reproduction, but tolerant to drying out

A

Bryophytes habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bryophytes lack _________ in their cell walls

A

Lignin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

there are more than _________ species of bryophytes

A

25,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Liverworts most likely appeared ________ years ago

A

450 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Liverworts are most closely related to the

A

plant ancestor that moved to land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hornworts emerge from the _________

A

gametophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thalus, stem, photosynthetic leaf-like structures, rhizoid

A

vegetative organs are part of haploid gametophyte

vophg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

flagellated swimming male gametes, embryo attached to parent for protection and nourishment, sporophyte is very small, produces haploid spores by meiosis

A

reproductive diploid sporohyte (rds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what makes up many of the non-vascular plants?

A

bryophytes proper (the mosses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

leaf-like green, flat structures
- simple midrib
- no stomata (but sporophyte does)
- no vascular tissue, but a primitive
- attached in a spiral to a central stalk
-absorb water & nutrients

A

Structure of bryophytes proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stalk has a ____________ system that carries water and nutrients

A

primitive conductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

anchor to soil, rock, bark, etc

A

rhizoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sporophyte is _______

A

dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

moves water, minerals, and soluble signaling molecules

A

Xylem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transports sugars, proteins, and solutes

A

Phloem with sieve elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transfers water and minerals from the soil to the rest of the plant, stabilizes and anchor

A

Root system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

improved photosynthetic efficiency, increased surface area (greater sunlight energy capture)

A

True leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

leaves modified for sporangia: fronds, strobili (cones) and flowers

A

Sporophyllis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Trees & swamp forests of the Carboniferous period.

A

Lycophyes: earliest seedless vascular plants

L: escvp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

quilworts, spike mosses, club mosses

A

Small evergreen plants (lycophyes)
(sep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a stem (which may be branched) and a microphylls

A

what lychophytes consist of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Trees & swamp forests of the Carboniferous period

A

Equisetum - The horesetails
E-th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Horsetails are usually found ________

A

in damp environments and marshes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

stems with nodes, needle shaped leaves

A

structure of horsetails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

leaves & branches as whorls from the evenly spaced rings

A

Nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

underground stems that
anchor the plants to the ground

A

Rhizomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

lack both roots, leaves & vascular tissue
photosynthesis occurs in the green stem

A

psilophytes - the whisk ferns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

small yellow knobs form
at the tip of the branch stem

A

Sporangia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

__________ have undergone evolutionary reduction

A

psilophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

a process by which
natural selection reduces the size of a
structure that is no longer favorable in a
particular environment

A

evolutionary reduction

32
Q

dominant stage of the life cycle of a fern is the

A

sporophyte

33
Q

live in damp, shaded environments

A

true ferns

34
Q

large compound leaves (divided or lobed)

A

fronds

35
Q

fronds carry ________ on their undersides

A

reproductive organs

36
Q

groups of sporangia

A

sori

37
Q

__________ release spores into the air

A

sporangia

38
Q

spores germinate into ________ (the gametophyte)

A

prothallus

39
Q

earliest distinct seed plans

A

fossils

40
Q

_________ develop into female gametophytes that produce eggs

A

megaspores

41
Q

the seed protects the ______

A

embryo

42
Q

_______ mature into male gametophytes that generate sperm

A

mircrospores

43
Q

______ is encase in a protective coat

A

pollen

44
Q

what prevents desiccation and mechanical damage?

A

pollen

45
Q

Arose in the carboniferous period (359-299 mya)

A

Gymnosperms

46
Q

________ pollinate by wind

A

gymnosperms

47
Q

________ have naked seeds that are not enclosed in ovary

A

gymnosperms

48
Q

________ have adapted to live with seasonally scarce fresh water

A

gymnosperms

49
Q

_________ continue low levels of photosynthesis during winter

A

evergreen conifers

50
Q

were prevalent in the mesozoic era (251-65.5 mya)

A

cycads

51
Q

less than 100 species remain

A

cycads

52
Q

live in mild climates

A

cycads

53
Q

large, compound leaves and large cones

A

cycads

54
Q

only one surviving species

A

Ginko

55
Q

fan shaped leaves with dichotomous venation pattern

A

ginkos

56
Q

deciduous and dioecious

A

ginkos

57
Q

live at high altitudes and cold climates

A

Conifers

58
Q

adaptations for cold and dry weather

A

conifers

59
Q

most are tall trees with scale-like or needle-like leaves

A

Conifers

60
Q

limits water loss through transpiration, decreasing breaking of branches due to show

A

scale-like or needle-like leaves

61
Q

pines, spruces, firs, sequoias, cedars, and junipers, yews, some deciduous-larch and tamarack

A

Evergreens

62
Q

the closest relatives to modern angiosperms

A

Gnetophytes

63
Q

broad leaves and angiosperm-like xylem

A

Gnetophytes

64
Q

Ephedra SW North America- small, scale-lik leaves

A

Ephedrine

65
Q

tropical/suptropical vines

A

Gnetum

66
Q

Welwitschia

A

low-growing desert plant in Namibia and Angola that lives up to 2000 years

67
Q

________ evolved from gnetophyte ancestor - 202-145.5 mya during Jurassic

A

Flower plants

68
Q

________ became dominant plants by the mid-Cretaceous (145.5 - 65.5 mya)

A

flower plants

69
Q

________ have cooperative evolutionary relationships with animals to dispose their pollen to female gametophytes in a highly targeted way

A

flower

70
Q

a group of plants that branched off before the separation into monocots and eudicots

A

Basal angiosperms

71
Q

margnoliidae are represented by________

A

magnolias

72
Q

small trees and shrubs that grow mostly in warmer climates

A

Laurales

73
Q

freshwater aquatic with floating leaves

A

Nymphaeles

74
Q

small flowers without petals that are tightly arranged in long spikes

A

Piperales

75
Q

One Cotyledon, veins in leaves, scattered vascular tissues, mostly adventitious root network, monosulcate pollen, three or multiple of three flower parts

A

Monocot

76
Q

Two cotyledons, branched veins, vascular tissues arranged in ring patterns, tap root and lateral roots, trisulcate/triporate pollen, four-five or multiples of four or five flower parts

A

Eudicot

SCI 102 - Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions