DNA

Question 1

chemical group that is attached to a carbon scaffold and participates in reactions and interactions with other molecules

Answer 1

functional group

Question 2

A molecular subunit that is part of a larger molecule

Answer 2

monomer

Question 3

A large molecule made by linking many smaller monomers together

Answer 3

Polymer

Question 4

Another name for a polymer, but especially for very large ones

Answer 4

Macromolecule

Question 5

Four main types of macromolecules

Answer 5

lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

(L,C,P,N)

Question 6

sharing electrons from one atom to another leaving one with a positive charge and one with a negative charge

Answer 6

covalent bond

Question 7

transfer electrons from one atom to another leaving one with a positive and the other with a negative charge

Answer 7

ionic bond

Question 8

weak attraction between polar covalent bonds with H

Answer 8

hydrogen bond

Question 9

How do organisms make and break macromolecules?

Answer 9

dehydration reaction forms a new bond, hydrolysis breaks a bond

Question 10

what kind of acid is DNA?

Answer 10

nucleic

Question 11

how many polynucleotides does each molecule of DNA contain?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

a nitrogenous base, a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group (N,D,P)

Answer 12

what nucleotides are made of

Question 13

nucleotides are joined together by _____ bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next

Answer 13

covalent

Question 14

the two polynucleotides are held together by ______ bonds

Answer 14

H

Question 15

Pyrimidines with single rings

Answer 15

Thymine and Cytosine

Question 16

Purines with double rings

Answer 16

Adenine and Guanine

Question 17

A pairs with

Answer 17

T

Question 18

G pairs with

Answer 18

C

Question 19

DNA is located

Answer 19

in the cells’ nucleus

Question 20

In Eukaryotic cells, the double helix is wrapped around _______

Answer 20

histone proteins

Question 21

Histones and other proteins help organize chromatin and

Answer 21

regulate gene expression

Question 22

During cell divisions, chromatin further condenses into________

Answer 22

chromosomes

Question 23

A pair of two nearly identical chromosomes, each of which consists of two identical sister chromatids after chromosome duplication and carries possible different versions of the same genes

Answer 23

Homologous chromosomes

Question 24

A chromosome not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism

Answer 24

Autosomal Chromosomes

Question 25

Determine an organism’s sex (male versus female). In mammals, males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome

Answer 25

Sex Chromosomes

Question 26

having pairs of homologous chromosomes. Also called somatic cells

Answer 26

diploid

Question 27

Having a set of single chromosomes with only one chromosomes of each pair of homologous chromosomes. Also called gametes

Answer 27

haploids

Question 28

how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 28

23

Question 29

central dogma

Answer 29

DNA is transcribed into RNA which is then translated into a protein

Question 30

Ribosome

Answer 30

site of protein synthesis in a cell

Question 31

When transcribing DNA to mRNA, which letters go with one another?

Answer 31

A goes with U, C goes with G, and T goes with A

Question 32

no change to amino acids

Answer 32

silent mutation

Question 33

swap one amino acid for another

Answer 33

missense mutation

Question 34

change an amino acid to a stop codon

Answer 34

nonsense mutations

Question 35

can alter the triplet grouping of codons and greatly change the amino acid sequence

Answer 35

frameshift mutation