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བོད་སྐད་ཡིག་ > Verbs > Flashcards

Verbs Flashcards

1
Q

ཟ་
བཟས་
སོ་

A

to eat

past, present, future

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2
Q

སླེབས་

A

to arrive

inv, A

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3
Q

འགྲིག་

A

to be all right

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4
Q

བསྟན་

A

to show

vol, EA

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5
Q
  • འགྲོའོ་

- གྲབས་ (L)

A

to be about to

aux

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6
Q

-རོགས་གནང་ (H)

A

please imperative auxiliary

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7
Q

རྒྱག་
བརྒྱབ་
རྒྱོབ་

བཀྱོན་ (H)

A

to make, do

–verbalizer

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8
Q

ཁ་ཕྱེ་ ཞལ་ཕྱེ་ (H)
སྒོ་ཕྱེ་ གཟིམ་སྒོ་ཕྱེ་ (H)

ཁ་རྒྱག་ ཁ་བསྐྱོན་ (H)
སྒོ་རྒྱག་ གཟིམ་སྒོ་བསྐྱོན་ (H)

A 
to open (objects)
to open a door
to close (objects)
to close a door
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9
Q

ལྟ་
བལྟས་
ལྟོས་

A

to look at

to read

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10
Q

ཉོ་
ཉོས་

འཚོང་
བཙོང་

A

to buy
(present and future)

to sell
(present and future)

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11
Q

མྱོང་

ང་འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ལ་འགྲ་མ་མྱོང་།

ཁོང་འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ལ་ཕེབས་མྱོང་ཡོད་རེད།

A

has/have ever
experiential auxiliary

I have never been to Bhutan.
He has gone to Bhutan.

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12
Q

སྦྱངས་

A

to learn

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13
Q

བསླབས་

A

to teach

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14
Q

སློབ་སྦྱོང་བྱེད་

A

to study

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15
Q

འཐུང་
བཏུངས་
འཐུངས་

A

to drink

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16
Q

མཆོད་

A

to eat, drink (H)
to make offerings (H)

this syllable is added to words to make honorific versions

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17
Q

ཡོང་ (1,2)

ཤོག་ (3)

A

to come

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18
Q

-དགོས་-

A

to want, to need, to have to

modal verb

  • Principle V + Secondary/Modal V + Aux
  • Modal verbs - main verbs must be present tense
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19
Q

-དོ་ -དང་ ཨ་ ཤིག་ ཤོག་ རོགས་གནང་ (H) [རོགས་བྱེད་]

A

IMPERATIVE PARTICLES

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20
Q

-དོ

A

First person plural imperative

“Let’s”

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21
Q

བེབས་དོ།

A

Go, let’s

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22
Q

བཞུགས་དོ།

A

Sit, let’s

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23
Q

འཆམ་འཆམ་ལ་འགྲོ་དོ།

A

Walk, let’s

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24
Q

འཆམས་པ་/ འཆམ་པ་/ འཆམས་པ་/

A

“To get along”, “to be in harmony, agreement, without discord”

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25
Q

འཆམས་པ་/ འཆམས་པ་/ འཆམས་པ་/ འཆོམས་//

གཞས་འཆམས་པ།

A

To dance a spiritual dance

to dance and sing spiritually
Note there is no difference with verb to mean to be in harmony, agreement, except for lack of imperative

actual dance is འཆམ་

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26
Q

ཉན་དོ།

A

Listen, let’s

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27
Q

མཆོད་དོ།

A

Eat, let’s

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28
Q

-རོགས་གནང་

A

Imperative suffix

  • Most polite command or request
  • Used only with honorifics
  • Takes present-future tense of verb (not imperative)
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29
Q

ཕེབས་རོགས་གནང་།

A

Go, please or Come, please

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30
Q

གསུངས་རོགས་གནང་།

A

Say, please

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31
Q

བཞུགས་རོགས་གནང་།

A

Stay, (or sit) please

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32
Q

མཆོད་རོགས་གནང་།

A

Eat, please

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33
Q

བཀག་རོགས་གནང་།

A

Stop, please

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34
Q

ཞུ་རོགས་གནང་།

A

Ask, please

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35
Q

-ཨ་

A
  • Imperative particle
  • May be used with honorifics and non-honorific verbs
  • Conveys a sense of urgency or danger or implies a degree of coercion
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36
Q

སེམས་ཁྲལ་མ་བྱེད་ཨ།

A

Worry not!

སེམས་ཁྲལ=mind-burden

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37
Q

གཟབ་གཟབ་གནང་ཨ།

A

Be careful!

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38
Q

མ་ལབ་ཨ།

A

Don’t speak/talk!

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39
Q

སྟོས་ཨ།

A

Look!

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40
Q

བཀག་ཨ།

A

Stop!

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41
Q

ཉན་ཨ།

A

Listen!

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42
Q

-ཤོག་

A
  • Imperative particle
  • May be used with honorifics and non-honorific verbs
  • Conveys immediacy and implies person addressed is reluctant or hesitant
  • may be translated as “Go on!”
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43
Q

གསུངགས་ཤོག

A

Speak, go on!

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44
Q

ཟོ་ཤོག

A

Eat, go on!

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45
Q

ཕེབས་ཤོག

A

Come on!

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46
Q

ཉོས་ཤོག

A

Buy, go on!

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47
Q

-པར་བྱེད་

A
  • Type of imperative for non volitional verbs that do not take imperative
  • “see to it that…”
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48
Q

མ་བརྗེད་པར་བྱེད་ཨ།

A

not forget see to it!

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49
Q

སྤུ་གུ་མ་ཤོར་པར་བྱེད་ད།

A

child not lose see to it!

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50
Q

འགྲོ་ འགྲོ་ ཕྱིན་

A

to go

future-present-past

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51
Q

བཟའ་ ཟ་ བཟས་

A

to eat

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52
Q

བཏུང་ འཐུང་ བཏུངས་

A

to drink

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53
Q

བཀླག་ ཀློག་ བཀླགས་

A

to read

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54
Q

ཉོ་ ཉོ་ ཉོས་

A

to buy

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55
Q

བསྡད་ སྡོད་ བསྡད་

A

to sit

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56
Q

བསྲེག་ སྲེག་ བསྲེགས་

A

to roast (pronounced da)

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57
Q

རླངས་བཙིས་བརྒྱབ་

A

to make, build

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58
Q

བརྒྱབ་ རྒྱབ་ བརྒྱབས་

A

to build, make, put

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59
Q

བརྔོ་ རྔོ་ བརྔོས་

A

to fry foods, to parch (barley)

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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60
Q

བཟོ་ བཟོ་ བཟོས་

A

to make, prepare (esp food)

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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61
Q

བཙོང་ འཚོང་ བཙོངས་

A

to sell

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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62
Q

བྱ་ བྱེད་ བྱས་

A

to do

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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63
Q

སློབ་སྦྱོང་ + བྱ་

A

to study

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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64
Q

ཡོང་ ཡོང་ ཡོང་

A

to come

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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65
Q

བྲི་ འབྲི་ བྲིས་

A

to write, to paint, to draw

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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66
Q

བསླེབ་ སླེབ་ བསླེབས་

འབྱོར་ འབྱོར་ འབྱོརད་

A

to arrive

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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67
Q

གཏང་ གཏོང་ བཏང་

A

to send, to allow to go

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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68
Q

ཁ་པར་གཏང ཁ་པར་གཏོང་ ཁ་པར་བཏང་

A

to call

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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69
Q

ཆར་པ་གཏང་ ཆར་པ་གཏོང་ ཆར་པ་བཏང་

A

to rain

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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70
Q

ལྷགས་པ་ + རྒྱབ་

A

to be windy

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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71
Q

སྤར་ སྤོར་ སྤརད་

A

to ignite, burn

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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72
Q

གསད་ གསོད་ བསད་

A

to kill, turn off

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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73
Q

མོ་ཊོར་ + གཏང་ གཏོང་ བཏང་

A

to drive a car

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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74
Q

རྨི་ལམ་ + གཏང་ གཏོང་ བཏང་

A

to dream

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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75
Q

ལས་ཀ་ + བྱ་ བྱེད་ བྱས་

A

to work

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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76
Q

ངལ་གསོ་+ བརྒྱབ་ རྒྱབ་ བརྒྱབས་

A

to rest

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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77
Q

གཡར་ གཡར་ གཡརད་

A

to borrow, lend

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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78
Q

ཤེས་ ཤེས་ ཤེས་

A

to know

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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79
Q

མཐོང་ མཐོང་ མཐོང་

A

to see

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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80
Q

ངོ་ཤེས་ ངོ་ཤེས་ ངོ་ཤེས་

A

to know someone

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

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81
Q

to have no choice

A

མ་ + V + རང་ + V
མ་ + V + ཀ་མེད་

མ་ཞུ་རང་ཞུ་ no choice but to stay/go
གོམ་པ་མ་བརྒྱབ་རང་བརྒྱབ་ no choice but to walk

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82
Q

མ་ཞུ་རང་ཞུ་

A

no choice but to stay/go

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83
Q

གོམ་པ་མ་བརྒྱབ་རང་བརྒྱབ་

A

no choice but to walk

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84
Q

མ་ཟ་ཀ་མེད་

A

no choice but to eat

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85
Q

མ་སློབ་བྱ྄ོང་བྱེད་ཀ་མེད་

A

no choice but to study

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86
Q
  • V + ནས་
    གོམ་པ་བརྒྱབ་ནས་
    ཞོན་ནས་
A

present gerund (-ing)
walking
riding

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87
Q

V + གིན་ + V + གིན་

ལམ་ཁག་འགྲོ་གིན་འགྲོ་གིན་
བཞས་བཏང་གིན་བཏང་གིན་

A
  • gerund; conveys a sense that two actions happen simultaneously (this was not explained well in MSTL)

walking
singing

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88
Q

-ཨ་ཡོད་ -ཨ་ཡིན་ -ཨ་ཡོང་ —–

ཐག་ཉེ་སར་འབྲོག་པ་ཨ་ཡོད།
A
  • Indicates serious doubt about what is being assertednear-to nomads i doubt
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89
Q

ཇ་སྐོལ་ལོང་ད་ཨ་ཡོང་།

A

tea boil time-to i doubt

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90
Q

ལོང་

ཟ་ལོང་མི་འདུག

སྡོད་ལོང་བྱུང་མ་སོང་

A

time to (do something)

eat time-to there is not or have not
sitting time-to have not (I saw it)

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91
Q

བྲི་ལུང་བྱུང་མ་སོང་

A

there wasn’t time to write (as I experienced it)

writing time-to had not

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92
Q

འགྲིག་ འགྲིག་ འགྲིགས་

A

to be OK, to be correct

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93
Q

དྲན་ དྲན་ དྲནད་

དྲན་གནང་ (H)

A

to remember

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94
Q

འཁྱག་ འཁྱག་ འཁྱགས་

སྐུ་བསིལ་ (H)

A

to feel cold

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95
Q

སྐུ་བསིལ་

A

to feel cold (H)

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96
Q

ན་ ན་ ན་

བསཉུང་ སྙུང་ བསྙུངས་ (H)

A

to be sick

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97
Q

བསཉུང་ སྙུང་ བསྙུངས་

A

to be sick (H)

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98
Q

བླུག བླུག བླུགས་

བླུགས་གནང་ (H)

A

to pour

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99
Q

བླང་ ལེན་ ལེན་ བླངས་

བཞེས་ (H)

A

to take, partake

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100
Q

སྤྲད་ སྦྲོད་ སྤྲད་

བསྟེར་ སྟེར་ བསྟེརད་

A

to give

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101
Q

གནང་

A

to give, to do (H)

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102
Q

འཛུལ་ འཛུལ་ འཇུལ་

འཛུལ་གནང་ (H)

A

to enter

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103
Q

ཐུག་ ཐུག་ ཐུག་

མཇལ་ or མཇལ་གནང་ (H)

A

to meet

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104
Q

སྐད་ཆ་ + འདྲི་ དྲི་ དྲིས་

བཀའ་འདྲི་གནང་ (H)

A

to ask

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105
Q

ཞུ་ ཞུ་ ཞུ་

ཞུས་གནང་ (H)

A

to request, partake

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106
Q

སྦྱང་ སྦྱོང་ སྦྱངས་

སྦྱངས་གནང་ (H)

A

to practice, train, learn

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107
Q

འབུལ་ འབུལ་ ཕུལ་

ཕུལ་གནང་ (H)

A

to offer

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108
Q

བསང་བཏང་

A

to perform fumigations

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109
Q

མེ་བཏང་

A

to light a fire

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110
Q

ཟུག་

A

to be attached (to), planted

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111
Q

འཐེན་

A

to pull, drag

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112
Q

དྲེག་འཁྲུ་རྒྱག་

A

to wash clothes

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113
Q

འགམས་

A

to eat powdered food (tsampa, etc)

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114
Q

བཞས་བཏང་

A

to sing

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115
Q

སྐྱིད་པོ་བཏང་

A

to have a pleasant time

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116
Q

ཤར་

A

to rise, to appear

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117
Q

འདྲེད་རྡར་ཤོར་

A

to slide, slip

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118
Q

སེམས་ཁྲ་བྱེད་

A

to be worried

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119
Q

གཟབ་གཟབ་བྱེད་

A

to be careful

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120
Q

ལོག་

A

to turn back

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121
Q

ཤོ་རྒྱག་

A

to play dice

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122
Q

རྩེད་མོ་རྩེ་

A

to have fun, joke

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123
Q

རྩེ་

A

to play

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124
Q

སེ་ར་བཏང་

A

to hail

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125
Q

ཆར་པ་བཏང་

A

to rain

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126
Q

གངས་བཏང་

A

to snow

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127
Q

གཤེ་གཤེ་བཏང་

A

to tell off, reprimand

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128
Q

བཀའ་བཀྱོན་

A

to reprimand (H)

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129
Q

གླིང་བཏང་

A

to picnic

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130
Q

ཉོ་ཆ་རྒྱག་

A

to do shopping

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131
Q

འདོན་ཀློག་

ཡིད་ཀྱིས་ཀློག་པ་

A

“reading aloud”
ཀློག་ = letters are read; འདོན་ = sounded out loud
“reading silently” ཡིད་ཀྱིས་ = mind by

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132
Q

————- ཚར་ ————–

ཁྲུས་བརྒྱབ་ཚར།

A
  • to finish, sometimes means “completely” or “already”
  • V + ཚར་ + aux
  • when used in first person, may be used without auxiliary

wash-doing finished (I washed already.)

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133
Q

ཁྲུས་བརྒྱབ་ཚར་སོང་།

A

wash-doing finished her (I saw her)

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134
Q

དེ་ནས་ན་ཚ་དྲག་ཚར་བཞག

A

then illness recovered finished! (she)

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135
Q

ཁྱེད་རང་དངོས་ནས་སྨྱོ་ཚར་འདུག་གས།

A

you really crazy completed (totally) are, yes?

136
Q

ཚར་བ་/ ཚར་བ་/ ཚར་བ་

ལབ་ཚར་བ་ཡིན།
སློབ་སྦྱོང་བྱས་ཚར་བ།
ལས་དོན་ཚར་ལ་ཁད།
ལས་དོན་ཚར་ལ་ཁད།

A

“To be done / finished / completed / over”.
Often used with other verbs to give the perfect past tense.
“is finished talking”
“study doing completed”
“on the verge of finishing the job”
“the meeting is over”

ཟད་པ་/ འཛད་པ་/ འཛད་པ་//. 1)”To be spent”, “to be consumed”, “to be finished”, “to be at / to have reached an end”. This is also often translated as “to be exhausted” though “at an end” often captures the Tibetan better.

137
Q

======= -ལོང་ ==========

ང་ལ་ཇ་འཐུང་ལོང་མེད།

A
  • “to have time”, to have opportunity to
  • Future: V (present-future) + ལོང་ + ཡོང་
  • Present: V (present-future) + ལོང་ + ཡོད་ or འདུག
  • Past: V (present-future) + ལོང་ + བྱུང་ or བྱུང་སོང་

me-to tea drink chance to not

138
Q

======= -ཡིན་མིན་ -ཡོད་མེད་ =======

ཁོང་ཚོ་ཕེབས་ཀྱི་ཡོད་མེད་མཁྱེན་བྱུང་ངས།

A
  • question subordinate phrase auxiliary
  • Future: V + གི་ཡིན་མིན་
  • Present: V + གི་ཡོད་མེད་
  • Past: V + ཡོད་མེད་

they coming are, are-not know you, yes?

139
Q

གོན་

A

to dress, wear

140
Q
  • དགོས་བྱུང་
A

V + དགོས་བྱུང་ = of course

  • same as ཡིན་དང་ཡིན་
  • verb must be present future
141
Q

དེ་ལ་རྩམ་པ་རྒྱ་མ་བདུན་ཅུ་དགོས་ཀྱི་ཡོད་འགྲོའོ།

དགོས་དང་དགོས།

A

Don’t you need 70 lbs of tsampa for that?

Certainly!

142
Q

མིག་སེར་ལང་

A

to be jealous

143
Q

འདོད་ཆགས་ལང་

A

to feel desire; (passion attachment complete)

འདོད་ཆགས་= passion, desire, attachment; one of the three poisons

144
Q

སེམས་པ་ཤོར་

A

to fall in love

ཤོར་ = to let go, release

145
Q

དཀའ་ལས་ཁག་

A

to be tired

146
Q

སྐུ་ལས་ཁག་ (H)

A

to be tired

147
Q

འབར་

A

to catch fire, burn

148
Q

བརྩིགས་

A

to pile up

149
Q

འཛུལ་

A

to enter

150
Q

ཕིད་ ཕུད་(L)

A

to take off

151
Q 
གྲོལ་			to finish
ལོང་			to have time to 
རན་			to be time to
འཕྲིན་སྐྱེལ་		to broadcast
ཐད་ཀར་བཤད་པ་ to speak straightforwardly about something
A

to finish

152
Q

ལོང་

A

to have time to

153
Q

རན་

A

to be time to

154
Q

འཕྲིན་སྐྱེལ་

A

to broadcast

155
Q

ཐད་ཀར་བཤད་པ་

A

to speak straightforwardly about something

156
Q

སྐད་ཆ་དྲིས་

བཀའ་འདྲི་གནང་(H)
བཀའ་འདྲི་ཞུ་(H)

A

to ask

157
Q

སྐད་ཆ་+ བཤད་
བཀའ་མོལ་ཞུ་(H)
བཀའ་མོལ་གནང་(H)

A

to converse, discuss

158
Q

ལབ་

གསུངས་

A

to say

159
Q

སྙུང་གཞི་བཏང་གནང་

ན་ཚ་བཏང་

A

to hurt

160
Q

སྐུག་ ཕེབས་སྒུག་གནང་

A

to wait

161
Q

འཁྲིད་ འཁྲིད་གནང་

A

to drive, lead

162
Q

བསླང་

A

to raise, cause

163
Q

བསྟེན་

A

to consult, visit

164
Q

བསྐོལ་

འཁོལ་

A

to boil

165
Q

འཕྲོད་

A

to get used to, endure

166
Q

དྲག་ངོ་བསྟན་

A

to show signs of getting better

167
Q

འགྲོ་ འགྲོ་ ཕྱིན་

A

to go

168
Q

བཟའ་ ཟ་ བཟས་

A

to eat

169
Q

བཏུང་ འཐུང་ བཏུངས་

A

to drink

170
Q

བཀླག་ ཀློག་ བཀླགས་

A

to read

171
Q

ཉོ་ ཉོ་ ཉོས་

A

to buy

172
Q

བསྡད་ སྡོད་ བསྡད་

A

to sit

173
Q

བསྲེག་ སྲེག་ བསྲེགས་

A

to roast (pronounced da)

174
Q

རླངས་བཙིས་བརྒྱབ་

A

to make, build

175
Q

བརྒྱབ་ རྒྱབ་ བརྒྱབས་

A

to build, make, put

176
Q

བརྔོ་ རྔོ་ བརྔོས་

A

to fry foods, to parch (barley)

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

177
Q

བཟོ་ བཟོ་ བཟོས་

A

to make, prepare (esp food)

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

178
Q

བཙོང་ འཚོང་ བཙོངས་

A

to sell

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

179
Q

བྱ་ བྱེད་ བྱས་

A

to do

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

180
Q

སློབ་སྦྱོང་ + བྱ་

A

to study

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

181
Q

ཡོང་ ཡོང་ ཡོང་

A

to come

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

182
Q

བྲི་ འབྲི་ བྲིས་

A

to write, to paint, to draw

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

183
Q

བསླེབ་ སླེབ་ བསླེབས་

འབྱོར་ འབྱོར་ འབྱོརད་

A

to arrive

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

184
Q

གཏང་ གཏོང་ བཏང་

A

to send, to allow to go

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

185
Q

ཁ་པར་གཏང ཁ་པར་གཏོང་ ཁ་པར་བཏང་

A

to call

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

186
Q

ཆར་པ་གཏང་ ཆར་པ་གཏོང་ ཆར་པ་བཏང་

A

to rain

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

187
Q

ལྷགས་པ་ + རྒྱབ་

A

to be windy

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

188
Q

སྤར་ སྤོར་ སྤརད་

A

to ignite, burn

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

189
Q

གསད་ གསོད་ བསད་

A

to kill, turn off

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

190
Q

མོ་ཊོར་ + གཏང་ གཏོང་ བཏང་

A

to drive a car

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

191
Q

རྨི་ལམ་ + གཏང་ གཏོང་ བཏང་

A

to dream

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

192
Q

ལས་ཀ་ + བྱ་ བྱེད་ བྱས་

A

to work

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

193
Q

ངལ་གསོ་+ བརྒྱབ་ རྒྱབ་ བརྒྱབས་

A

to rest

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

194
Q

གཡར་ གཡར་ གཡརད་

A

to borrow, lend

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

195
Q

ཤེས་ ཤེས་ ཤེས་

A

to know

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

196
Q

མཐོང་ མཐོང་ མཐོང་

A

to see

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

197
Q

ངོ་ཤེས་ ངོ་ཤེས་ ངོ་ཤེས་

A

to know someone

NOTE: Tenses are listed Future-Present-Past

198
Q

to have no choice

A

མ་ + V + རང་ + V
མ་ + V + ཀ་མེད་

མ་ཞུ་རང་ཞུ་ no choice but to stay/go
གོམ་པ་མ་བརྒྱབ་རང་བརྒྱབ་ no choice but to walk

199
Q

མ་ཞུ་རང་ཞུ་

A

no choice but to stay/go

200
Q

གོམ་པ་མ་བརྒྱབ་རང་བརྒྱབ་

A

no choice but to walk

201
Q

མ་ཟ་ཀ་མེད་

A

no choice but to eat

202
Q

མ་སློབ་བྱ྄ོང་བྱེད་ཀ་མེད་

A

no choice but to study

203
Q
  • V + ནས་
    གོམ་པ་བརྒྱབ་ནས་
    ཞོན་ནས་
A

present gerund (-ing)
walking
riding

204
Q

V + གིན་ + V + གིན་

ལམ་ཁག་འགྲོ་གིན་འགྲོ་གིན་
བཞས་བཏང་གིན་བཏང་གིན་

A
  • gerund; conveys a sense that two actions happen simultaneously (this was not explained well in MSTL)

walking
singing

205
Q

-ཨ་ཡོད་ -ཨ་ཡིན་ -ཨ་ཡོང་ —–

ཐག་ཉེ་སར་འབྲོག་པ་ཨ་ཡོད།
A
  • Indicates serious doubt about what is being assertednear-to nomads i doubt
206
Q

ཇ་སྐོལ་ལོང་ད་ཨ་ཡོང་།

A

tea boil time-to i doubt

207
Q

ལོང་

ཟ་ལོང་མི་འདུག

སྡོད་ལོང་བྱུང་མ་སོང་

A

time to (do something)

eat time-to there is not or have not
sitting time-to have not (I saw it)

208
Q

བྲི་ལུང་བྱུང་མ་སོང་

A

there wasn’t time to write (as I experienced it)

writing time-to had not

209
Q

འགྲིག་ འགྲིག་ འགྲིགས་

A

to be OK, to be correct

210
Q

དྲན་ དྲན་ དྲནད་

དྲན་གནང་ (H)

A

to remember

211
Q

འཁྱག་ འཁྱག་ འཁྱགས་

སྐུ་བསིལ་ (H)

A

to feel cold

212
Q

སྐུ་བསིལ་

A

to feel cold (H)

213
Q

ན་ ན་ ན་

བསཉུང་ སྙུང་ བསྙུངས་ (H)

A

to be sick

214
Q

བསཉུང་ སྙུང་ བསྙུངས་

A

to be sick (H)

215
Q

བླུག བླུག བླུགས་

བླུགས་གནང་ (H)

A

to pour

216
Q

བླང་ ལེན་ ལེན་ བླངས་

བཞེས་ (H)

A

to take, partake

217
Q

སྤྲད་ སྦྲོད་ སྤྲད་

བསྟེར་ སྟེར་ བསྟེརད་

A

to give

218
Q

གནང་

A

to give, to do (H)

219
Q

འཛུལ་ འཛུལ་ འཇུལ་

འཛུལ་གནང་ (H)

A

to enter

220
Q

ཐུག་ ཐུག་ ཐུག་

མཇལ་ or མཇལ་གནང་ (H)

A

to meet

221
Q

སྐད་ཆ་ + འདྲི་ དྲི་ དྲིས་

བཀའ་འདྲི་གནང་ (H)

A

to ask

222
Q

ཞུ་ ཞུ་ ཞུ་

ཞུས་གནང་ (H)

A

to request, partake

223
Q

སྦྱང་ སྦྱོང་ སྦྱངས་

སྦྱངས་གནང་ (H)

A

to practice, train, learn

224
Q

འབུལ་ འབུལ་ ཕུལ་

ཕུལ་གནང་ (H)

A

to offer

225
Q

བསང་བཏང་

A

to perform fumigations

226
Q

མེ་བཏང་

A

to light a fire

227
Q

ཟུག་

A

to be attached (to), planted

228
Q

འཐེན་

A

to pull, drag

229
Q

དྲེག་འཁྲུ་རྒྱག་

A

to wash clothes

230
Q

འགམས་

A

to eat powdered food (tsampa, etc)

231
Q

བཞས་བཏང་

A

to sing

232
Q

སྐྱིད་པོ་བཏང་

A

to have a pleasant time

233
Q

ཤར་

A

to rise, to appear

234
Q

འདྲེད་རྡར་ཤོར་

A

to slide, slip

235
Q

སེམས་ཁྲ་བྱེད་

A

to be worried

236
Q

གཟབ་གཟབ་བྱེད་

A

to be careful

237
Q

ལོག་

A

to turn back

238
Q

ཤོ་རྒྱག་

A

to play dice

239
Q

རྩེད་མོ་རྩེ་

A

to have fun, joke

240
Q

རྩེ་

A

to play

241
Q

སེ་ར་བཏང་

A

to hail

242
Q

ཆར་པ་བཏང་

A

to rain

243
Q

གངས་བཏང་

A

to snow

244
Q

གཤེ་གཤེ་བཏང་

A

to tell off, reprimand

245
Q

བཀའ་བཀྱོན་

A

to reprimand (H)

246
Q

གླིང་བཏང་

A

to picnic

247
Q

ཉོ་ཆ་རྒྱག་

A

to do shopping

248
Q

འདོན་ཀློག་

ཡིད་ཀྱིས་ཀློག་པ་

A

“reading aloud”
ཀློག་ = letters are read; འདོན་ = sounded out loud
“reading silently” ཡིད་ཀྱིས་ = mind by

249
Q

————- ཚར་ ————–

ཁྲུས་བརྒྱབ་ཚར།

A
  • to finish, sometimes means “completely” or “already”
  • V + ཚར་ + aux
  • when used in first person, may be used without auxiliary

wash-doing finished (I washed already.)

250
Q

ཁྲུས་བརྒྱབ་ཚར་སོང་།

A

wash-doing finished her (I saw her)

251
Q

དེ་ནས་ན་ཚ་དྲག་ཚར་བཞག

A

then illness recovered finished! (she)

252
Q

ཁྱེད་རང་དངོས་ནས་སྨྱོ་ཚར་འདུག་གས།

A

you really crazy completed (totally) are, yes?

253
Q

ཚར་བ་/ ཚར་བ་/ ཚར་བ་

ལབ་ཚར་བ་ཡིན།
སློབ་སྦྱོང་བྱས་ཚར་བ།
ལས་དོན་ཚར་ལ་ཁད།
ལས་དོན་ཚར་ལ་ཁད།

A

“To be done / finished / completed / over”.
Often used with other verbs to give the perfect past tense.
“is finished talking”
“study doing completed”
“on the verge of finishing the job”
“the meeting is over”

ཟད་པ་/ འཛད་པ་/ འཛད་པ་//. 1)”To be spent”, “to be consumed”, “to be finished”, “to be at / to have reached an end”. This is also often translated as “to be exhausted” though “at an end” often captures the Tibetan better.

254
Q

======= -ལོང་ ==========

ང་ལ་ཇ་འཐུང་ལོང་མེད།

A
  • “to have time”, to have opportunity to
  • Future: V (present-future) + ལོང་ + ཡོང་
  • Present: V (present-future) + ལོང་ + ཡོད་ or འདུག
  • Past: V (present-future) + ལོང་ + བྱུང་ or བྱུང་སོང་

me-to tea drink chance to not

255
Q

======= -ཡིན་མིན་ -ཡོད་མེད་ =======

ཁོང་ཚོ་ཕེབས་ཀྱི་ཡོད་མེད་མཁྱེན་བྱུང་ངས།

A
  • question subordinate phrase auxiliary
  • Future: V + གི་ཡིན་མིན་
  • Present: V + གི་ཡོད་མེད་
  • Past: V + ཡོད་མེད་

they coming are, are-not know you, yes?

256
Q

གོན་

A

to dress, wear

257
Q
  • དགོས་བྱུང་
A

V + དགོས་བྱུང་ = of course

  • same as ཡིན་དང་ཡིན་
  • verb must be present future
258
Q

དེ་ལ་རྩམ་པ་རྒྱ་མ་བདུན་ཅུ་དགོས་ཀྱི་ཡོད་འགྲོའོ།

དགོས་དང་དགོས།

A

Don’t you need 70 lbs of tsampa for that?

Certainly!

259
Q

མིག་སེར་ལང་

A

to be jealous

260
Q

འདོད་ཆགས་ལང་

A

to feel desire; (passion attachment complete)

འདོད་ཆགས་= passion, desire, attachment; one of the three poisons

261
Q

སེམས་པ་ཤོར་

A

to fall in love

ཤོར་ = to let go, release

262
Q

དཀའ་ལས་ཁག་

A

to be tired

263
Q

སྐུ་ལས་ཁག་ (H)

A

to be tired

264
Q

འབར་

A

to catch fire, burn

265
Q

བརྩིགས་

A

to pile up

266
Q

འཛུལ་

A

to enter

267
Q

ཕིད་ ཕུད་(L)

A

to take off

268
Q 
གྲོལ་			to finish
ལོང་			to have time to 
རན་			to be time to
འཕྲིན་སྐྱེལ་		to broadcast
ཐད་ཀར་བཤད་པ་ to speak straightforwardly about something
A

to finish

269
Q

ལོང་

A

to have time to

270
Q

རན་

A

to be time to

271
Q

འཕྲིན་སྐྱེལ་

A

to broadcast

272
Q

ཐད་ཀར་བཤད་པ་

A

to speak straightforwardly about something

273
Q

སྐད་ཆ་དྲིས་

བཀའ་འདྲི་གནང་(H)
བཀའ་འདྲི་ཞུ་(H)

A

to ask

274
Q

སྐད་ཆ་+ བཤད་
བཀའ་མོལ་ཞུ་(H)
བཀའ་མོལ་གནང་(H)

A

to converse, discuss

275
Q

ལབ་

གསུངས་

A

to say

276
Q

སྙུང་གཞི་བཏང་གནང་

ན་ཚ་བཏང་

A

to hurt

277
Q

སྐུག་ ཕེབས་སྒུག་གནང་

A

to wait

278
Q

འཁྲིད་ འཁྲིད་གནང་

A

to drive, lead

279
Q

བསླང་

A

to raise, cause

280
Q

བསྟེན་

A

to consult, visit

281
Q

བསྐོལ་

འཁོལ་

A

to boil

282
Q

འཕྲོད་

A

to get used to, endure

283
Q

དྲག་ངོ་བསྟན་

A

to show signs of getting better

284
Q 
Some verbs have an imperative form:
	ཉན་	ཉོན་		Listen!
	ཟ་	ཟོ		Eat!
	ལང་	སོངས་	Get up!
	ཡོང་	ཤོག་		Come!
A

There are many verbs that do not have an imperative form. They may be used by themselves:

གསོལ་ཇ་མཆོད།	tea drink
ཕར་ཕེབས།		over there go
འདིར་ཕེབས།	here come
285
Q

ཟོ་ཤོག

A

Eat, go on!

286
Q

བཞུགས་ཤོག

A

Sit (or stay), go on!

287
Q

===== -དང་ -ཤིག་ =======

གསུངས་དང་།
ཕེབས་ཤིག

A

IMPERATIVE VERBS MARKERS

  • Imperative particle
  • Less formal
  • pronounced -ta, -sh

Speak
Go

288
Q

ཕེབས་དང་།

A

Go (imperative)

289
Q

བཞུགས་ཤིག

བཞུགས་དང་།

A

Stay or sit

290
Q

ཟོ་དང་།

A

Eat

291
Q

ཉོན་དང་།

A

Listen

292
Q

ལབ་དང་།

A

Speak

293
Q

སྟོས་ཤིག

A

Look

294
Q

ཁོངས་གཏོགས་

A

to belong

295
Q

གྲངས་ཀ་རྒྱག་

A

to count

296
Q

ཕྱག་བཏབ་གནང་

A

to found a monastery or institution

297
Q

རྒྱུག་སྤྲོད་བྱེད་

A

to take an exam (oral)

298
Q

ཡིག་ཚད་བཏང་

A

to take an exam (written)

299
Q

སློབ་གཉེར་གནང་

A

to undertake (religious) studies

300
Q

གསར་འཛུགས་གནང་

A

to establish, found

301
Q

འཛོམས་

A

to gather, convene

302
Q

སྒྲིག་གཤོམ་བྱེད་

A

to exhibit, present

303
Q

ཡ་མཚམ་སྐྱེ་

ཧ་ལས་

A

to be amazed

304
Q

དམ་བཅའ་བཞག་

A

to promise, take vows

305
Q

འགུལ་སྐྱོད་བྱེད་

A

to move stir

306
Q

གསང་སྐུད་བཏང་

A

to pull invisible threads

307
Q

གསང་ཐག་བཏང་

A

to pull invisible threads

308
Q

བཞངས་

བཞེངས་

A

to build, raise

309
Q

ནར་གཏོང་ཕུལ་

A

to fulfill a need

310
Q

གཏན་འབེབས་གནང་

A

to fix, settle

311
Q

དད་པ་

A

to have faith in someone or something

312
Q

ཆོག་ཆོག་རེད་

A

to be ready

313
Q

འཁེལ་

A

to coincide, happen

314
Q

གཟབ་སྤྲོས་སྤས་སྤྲས་

གཟབ་སྤྲོས་བཏང་

A

to put on festive clothes

315
Q

སེལ་

A

to clear, eliminate

316
Q

ཁྲུས་རྒྱག་

ཞལ་འཁྲུས་གནང་

A

to wash

317
Q

བཞུགས་གྲལ་བཏང་

A

to be seated

318
Q

གཏོར་རྒྱག་རྒྱག་

A

to destroy torma

319
Q

བཤད་པ་རྒྱག་

A

to make a speech about

320
Q

རེ་མོས་བྱེད་

A

to take turns

321
Q

རེ་མོས་བརྗེ་བ་

A

to alternate

322
Q

བརྗེ་བ་

A

(n.) change (something different from before)

323
Q

རེ་མོས་བྱས་ནས་འགན་འཁུར་བ་

A

“to alternate as the responsible person” or

“to take turns at sharing responsibility”

324
Q

བརྗེས་པ་/ རྗེ་བ་/ བརྗེ་བ་/ རྗེས་

A

“To exchange” one thing or circumstance for another.

325
Q

སྣེ་ལེན་ཞུ་

A

to receive, host

326
Q

གུས་བཏུང་ཞུ་

A

to present one’s respects

327
Q

གཟིགས་འབུལ་ཞུ་

A

to stage a performance (H)

328
Q

ཐུག་པ་/ ཐུག་པ་/ ཐུག་པ་

A

to meet with

329
Q

ཐུབ་པ་/ ཐུབ་པ་/ ཐུབ་པ་

A

Able to withstand, stand, and also face up to

330
Q

ཐུབ་

A

Meaning “to be able”. Placed after another verb to mean “able to do” the verb

331
Q

དམིགས་ (v)

A

imagine, to consider something, conceive

332
Q

བཙུགས་པ་/ འཛུགས་པ་/ གཟུགས་པ་/ ཚུགས་/

A

v. to put in place, establish, plant

333
Q

འཁྲབ་

A

to act, perform

334
Q

དྲིས་པ་/ འདྲི་བ་/ དྲི་བ་/ དྲིས་/

A

To ask for an explanation of something from another person

335
Q

བརྒྱབ་པ་/ རྒྱག་པ་/ བརྒྱག་པ་/ རྒྱོབ་/
སྒོ་རྒྱག་པ་
མེ་མདའ་རྒྱག་པ་
བགོ་བཤའ་རྒྱག་པ་

II. བརྒྱབ་པ་/ རྒྱག་པ་/ རྒྱག་པ་//

A 
transitive; sending off, causing to go out, flinging, making strike, doing, building up, making, and more. In general, making something happen. 
 "to shut a door",  
"to fire a gun";  
"to apportion".
    II.  v.i. 
being struck, coming out, coming up.

བོད་སྐད་ཡིག་ (14 decks)

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