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Deutsche Sprache > Verb prefixes > Flashcards

Verb prefixes Flashcards

1
Q

zurück-

A

back

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2
Q

weg-

A

away

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3
Q

aus-

A

out

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4
Q

mit-

A

with

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5
Q

weiter-

A

further, continue

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6
Q

nach-

A

later, after, towards

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7
Q

herein-

A

inside, in

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8
Q

miss-

A

dis-/miss-
e.g.
misstrust, disobey

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9
Q

fort-

A

away

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10
Q

vor-

A

before, in front of

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11
Q

wieder-

A

again

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12
Q

um-

A

around

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13
Q

durch-

A

through

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14
Q

the list of inseparable prefixes are:

A 
be-
emp-
ent-
er-
ge-
miss-
ver-
zer-
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15
Q

how does be- affect a verb as a prefix:

A

1) Makes intransitive verbs or verbs with prepositional objects transitive, or shifts the action to a different object.
zaubern - to do magic | bezaubern - to enchant
Ich beantworte die Frage. (Ich antworte auf die Frage.)
Er beschenkt Sie. ( Er schenkt Ihnen etwas.)

2) Added to nouns to create verbs with the idea of providing something. (Often -ig- is added.)
die Nachricht message | benachrichtigen to notify
die Waffe weapon | bewaffnen to arm

3) Added to adjectives to create verbs with the idea of bestowing that quality. (Often -ig- is added.)
ruhig quiet, still | beruhigen to calm
taub numb | betäuben to numb, drug
trüb dreary | betrüben to sadden

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16
Q

how does emp- affect a verb as a prefix:

A

A variation of ent- that is used before some verb roots beginning with f.
fehlen to be lacking | empfehlen to recommend
finden to find | empfinden to perceive, sense

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17
Q

how does ent- affect a verb as a prefix?

A

1) Added to verbs to convey the idea of escaping or moving away. fliehen to flee | entfliehen to escape, flee (from)
kommen to come | entkommen to escape, come away (from)

2) Creates verbs from nouns, adjectives, or verbs. Indicates the removal of something.

ent- often corresponds to English un-, de- or dis-. laden to load | entladen to unload
decken to cover | entdecken to discover
fern far | entfernen to remove, delete
die Fessel chain | entfesseln to unchain

18
Q

how does er- affect a verb as a prefix?

A

1) Creates verbs from nouns or other verbs. Conveys the conclusion or end achievement of an action. finden to find | erfinden to invent
lernen to learn | erlernen to learn, acquire
trinken to drink | ertrinken to drown

2) Creates verbs from adjectives. Conveys the idea of becoming something or giving something a quality. Often adds an umlaut to the root, where possible. ganz whole | ergänzen to complete
niedrig low | erniedrigen to humiliate
neu new | erneuern to renew, revive

19
Q

how does ge- affect a verb as a prefix?

A

ge- is rare as a verb prefix. It carries no distinct meaning. In many instances, the root verb is linguistically extinct. fallen to fall | gefallen to be pleasing

  • – | geschehen to occur
  • – | gelingen to succeed
20
Q

how does miss- affect a verb as a prefix?

A

Like the English prefix mis-, the German miss- indicates failure. It creates a verb that stands as a negative opposite to its positive or neutral root. – | misslingen to fail
fallen to fall | missfallen to displease
billigen to approve | missbilligen to disapprove
handeln to act | misshandeln to maltreat, abuse

21
Q

how does ver- affect a verb as a prefix?

A

1) Added to verbs to express idea of completion, waning, or going away. brennen to burn | verbrennen burn (to ashes, to death), scorch
hungern to be hungry | verhungern to starve
geben to give | vergeben to give away
jagen to hunt | verjagen to chase away
2) Added to verbs to express the idea of doing something to excess or wrongly, or to convey the opposite meaning from its root. lernen to learn | verlernen to unlearn, forget
führen to lead | verführen to seduce
achten to esteem | verachten to despise
bergen to salvage | verbergen to conceal, hide
3) Creates verbs from adjectives or nouns that convey the idea of becoming something or giving something a quality. Deutsch | verdeutschen to translate into German
der Stein stone | versteinern to turn to stone
die Ursache cause | verursachen to cause
einfach simple | vereinfachen to simplify
deutlich clear | verdeutlichen to elucidate
4) Creates verbs from nouns to convey the idea of providing something. das Silber silver | versilbern to silver plate
der Körper body | verkörpern to embody

22
Q

how does zer- affect a verb as a prefix?

A

Creates verbs from nouns, adjectives, or other verbs to indicate destruction, usually “into pieces”. das Glied member, limb | zergliedern to dismember
klein small | zerkleinern to reduce to small bits
stören to bother | zerstören to destroy
teilen to divide | zerteilen to disperse

23
Q

the list of separable prefixes are:

A 
ab-
an-
auf-
aus-
ein-
los-
mit-
vor-
weg-
zurück
zusammen-
24
Q

how does ab- affect a verb as a separable prefix?

A

Conveys “away”, “down”, “off”, with the idea of finishing or completing an action
fliegen to fly | abfliegen to depart (of airplane)
nehmen to take | abnehmen to take down/off

25
how does an- affect a verb as a separable prefix?
Conveys "at", "on", or the idea of starting an action or doing something partially. lächeln to smile | anlächeln to smile at schauen to look | anschauen to look at probieren to try | anprobieren to try on tasten to touch | antasten to touch on trinken to drink | antrinken to start drinking
26
how does auf- affect a verb as a separable prefix?
Conveys "up" or the idea of a sudden start klären- to clarify | aufklären to clear up essen to eat | aufessen to eat up munter lively | aufmuntern to liven up brechen to break | aufbrechen to break open, to set out (on a trip)
27
how does aus- affect a verb as a separable prefix?
Conveys "out" with the idea of completing an action gleichen to equal | ausgleichen to even out rufen to call | ausrufen to cry out radieren to erase | ausradieren to erase (completely)
28
how does ein- affect a verb as a separable prefix?
Derived from the preposition "in". Conveys "in" or the idea of getting used to something atmen to breathe | einatmen to inhale leiten to lead | einleiten to introduce spielen to play | einspielen to warm up
29
how does los- affect a verb as a separable prefix?
Conveys "away" or the idea of beginning something fahren to drive | losfahren to set out (on a trip) reißen to rip | losreißen to tear away werden to become | loswerden to get rid of
30
how does mit- affect a verb as a separable prefix?
Conveys "along", "away", or the idea of accompanying or cooperating nehmen to take | mitnehmen to take along singen to sing | mitsingen to join in singing machen to do | mitmachen to participate
31
how does vor- affect a verb as a separable prefix?
Conveys the idea of demonstrating, going forward, or preceding schreiben to write | vorschreiben to stipulate singen to sing | vorsingen to sing to wärmen to warm | vorwärmen to preheat
32
how does weg- affect a verb as a separable prefix?
Conveys "away" schicken to send | wegschicken to send away | führen to lead | wegführen to lead away
33
how does zurück- affect a verb as a separable prefix?
Conveys "back", the idea of returning denken to think | zurückdenken to think back reisen to travel | zurückreisen to travel back
34
how does zusammen- affect a verb as a separable prefix?
Conveys "up" or "together", the idea of reducing to a focal point schrumpfen to shrink | zusammenschrumpfen to shrivel up kleben to adhere | zusammenkleben to stick together brechen to break | zusammenbrechen to collapse, cave in
35
the list of prefixes that are both inseparable and separable are:
``` durch-, über-, um-, unter-, wider ```
36
how does durch- affect a verb as a prefix?
Most compounds with the durch- prefix are either separable or exist in both forms. Means 'through', 'without interruption', or indicates the conquering of obstacles or denotes completion inseperable: durchleben to experience durchdenken to think over Ich habe es nicht richtig durchdacht. separable: durchschlafen to sleep uninterrupted durchfallen to fall through; fail Er ist in der Prüfung durchgefallen.
37
how does über- affect a verb as a prefix?
About 75% of verbs with the über- prefix are inseparable. Usually combined with transitive verbs, indicates 'over', 'up', or movement over a boundary. inseparable: übersetzen to translate übermalen to paint over Die Grafittis übermalen wir mit grauer Farbe. separable: überordnen to give precedence to überkochen to boil over Die Kartoffeln kochen über.
38
how does um- affect a verb as a prefix?
um- is equally frequent as a separable and an inseparable prefix. Means 'around', or indicates movement in a different/opposite direction or to a different side, or a change of some kind. ``` inseparable: umgeben to surround umgehen to go around umarmen to embrace Wir umarmen uns. ``` ``` separable: umschulen to retrain umwenden to turn over umsteigen to change (buses, etc.) Wir steigen in Köln um. ```
39
how does unter- affect a verb as a prefix?
unter- is equally frequent as a separable and an inseparable prefix. It is almost always transitive or reflexive. Means 'under', 'among' and can imply 'at the bottom of a text'. In a few words, the meaning is indistinct. ``` inseparable: unterschreiben to sign unterdrücken to suppress unterschätzen to underestimate Der Lehrer unterschätzt ihre Intelligenz. ``` ``` separable: unterkommen to find accomodation untertauchen to submerge untergehen to sink Die Sonne geht unter. ```
40
how does wider- affect a verb as a prefix?
With a few exceptions, most verbs with the prefix wider- are separable. Means 'against', 'toward', or 'back'. inseparable: widersprechen to contradict widerrufen to take back, revoke Der Angeklagte widerruft sein Geständnis. separable: widerhallen to echo, reverberate widerspiegeln to reflect Kunst spiegelt den Zeitgeist wider
41
in terms of pronouciation, separable prefixes are ..........., inseparable .................
separable prefixes are stressed, inseparable unstressed.

Deutsche Sprache (24 decks)

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