Modal verbs Flashcards

1
Q

the six German modal verbs and their meanings are:

A

Modal verb Primary (& secondary)
“modes” it conveys
können ability (possibility) can, to be able to (may, might)

dürfen permission (probability) may, to be allowed to
(in the negative: ought not)

müssen necessity, compulsion must, to have to, to need to (should, ought)

mögen liking (probability, possibility) to like (may, can)

wollen desire, intention to want to, to intend to, shall (to claim to)

sollen obligation (intention, prediction) shall, to be supposed to (should, is said to be, ought to)

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2
Q

how do we use modal verbs?

A

These verbs behave much like an auxiliary verb in that they are typically used in combination with other verbs. The modal verb is conjugated to agree with the subject of the sentence. The other verb is at the end of the sentence in its infinitive form.
When used in a sentence, the modal verb falls in the 2nd position in a sentence and any accompanying infinitive appears at the end of the sentence:

Ich muss meine Eltern helfen.

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3
Q

conjugate können in the present tense:

A
ich kann
du kannst
er/sie/es/mann kann
wir können
ihr könnt
Sie/sie können
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4
Q

conjugate müssen in the present tense:

A
ich muss
du musst
er/sie/es/mann muss
wir müssen
ihr müsst
Sie/sie müssen
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5
Q

conjugate dürfen in the present tense:

A
ich darf
du darfst
er/sie/es/mann darf
wir dürfen
ihr dürft
Sie/sie dürfen
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6
Q

conjugate mögen in the present tense:

A
ich mag
du magst
er/sie/es/mann mag
wir mögen
ihr mögt
Sie/sie mögen
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7
Q

conjugate wollen in the present tense:

A
ich will
du willst
er/sie/es/mann will
wir wollen
ihr wollt
Sie/sie wollen
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8
Q

conjugate sollen in the present tense:

A
ich soll
du sollst
er/sie/es/mann soll
wir sollen
ihr sollt
Sie/sie sollen
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9
Q

conjugate können in the simple past (imperfect) tense:

A
ich konnte
du konntest
er/sie/es/mann konnte
wir konnten
ihr konntet
Sie/sie konnte
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10
Q

the simple past form and usage =

A

Simple past forms =
Infinitive minus -en & minus umlaut + simple past personal endings: -te, -test, -te, -ten, -tet, -ten.
Just like in the present tense, modal verbs in the simple past tense occur in the finite form and any accompanying verb is in its infinitive form at the end of the sentence:

Ich konnte meine Hausaufgaben nicht machen.
Wir mussten früh aufstehen.

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11
Q

conjugate müssen in the simple past :

A
ich musste
du musstest
er/sie/es/mann musste
wir mussten
ihr musstet
Sie/sie mussten
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12
Q

conjugate dürfen in the simple past :

A
ich durfte
du durftest
er/sie durfte
wir durften
ihr durftet
Sie/sie durften
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13
Q

conjugate wollen in the simple past :

A
ich wollte
du wolltest
er/sie wollte
wir wollten
ihr wolltet
Sie/sie wollten
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14
Q

conjugate mögen in the simple past:

A
ich mochte
du mochtest
er/sie mochte
wir mochten
ihr mochtet
Sie/sie mochten
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15
Q

conjugate sollen in the simple past:

A
ich sollte
du solltest
er/sie sollte
wir sollten
ihr solltet
Sie/sie sollten
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16
Q

how to use modal verbs in the present perfect tense?

A

all modal verbs take haben as the auxiliary or ‘helping’ verb
the auxiliary form of haben is the finite verb which takes the 2nd position while the past participle of the modal verb goes to the end position of the clause:

Ich habe………..gekonnt
Er hat……………….gewollt

When a double infinitive construction is used because the modal verb is accompanied by another verb, the double infinitive takes the place of the past participle:

Ich habe ………… schreiben können.
Sie haben ………………… arbeiten wollen.

17
Q

how to use modal verbs in the future tense?

A

use a part of werden, conjugated with the subject and in the 2nd position, with the infinitive of the modal verb at the end of the clause:

Ich werde mich nächste Woche treffen können.
(I will be able to meet up next week)
Ihr werdet eine Fahrradtour machen dürfen.
(You will be allowed to do a bike tour)