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RD1036 > ventricles, meninges, BBB, spinal cord > Flashcards

ventricles, meninges, BBB, spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

how many ventricles in the brain and what are they?

A

4 ventricles
- 2 lateral ventricles
- 3rd ventricle
- 4th ventricle

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2
Q

features of ventricles of the brain

A
  • fluid filled spaces within the brain
  • formed from canal of embryonic tube
  • contain CSF
  • protect and support brain
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3
Q

where do lateral ventricles lie

A

below corpus callosum

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4
Q

body and three horns of lateral ventricles

A
  • anterior - frontal lobe
  • posterior - occipital lobe
  • inferior - temporal lobe
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5
Q

shape of lateral ventricles

A

paired c-shaped chambers in each cerebral hemisphere

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6
Q

what does the lateral ventricle communicate with

A

communicates with 3rd ventricle through foramen of monroe

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7
Q

what is the shape of the 4th ventricle and where is it located

A
  • diamond shaped
  • located in midline of front of cerebellum and behind pons
  • inferiorly continuous with central canal
  • superiorly + posteriorly = 3 foramina
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8
Q

what does the 4th ventricle link to

A

subarachnoid space

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9
Q

what is cerebrospinal fluid

A
  • clear colourless transparent tissue fluid
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10
Q

what is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) present in

A
  • cerebral ventricles
  • spinal canal
  • subarachnoid spaces
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11
Q

composition of CSF

A
  • glucose
  • proteins
  • lipids
  • electrolytes
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12
Q

total quantity of CSF

A

150 ml

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13
Q

functions of CSF

A
  • shock absorber
  • cushions brain and spinal cord
  • acts as reservoir + regulates content of CNS
  • keeps brain and spinal cord moist
  • facilitate exchange of nutrients of CNS - transports hormones and hormone releasing factors
  • removes metabolic waste products
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14
Q

how is CSF produced

A
  • secreted by specialized ependymal lining of choroid plexus
  • released into ventricular system
  • fills ventricles
  • central canal of spine
  • subarachnoid space
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15
Q

what happens to CSF in the subarachnoid space

A
  • eventually reabsorbed through outpouchings into superior sagittal sinus (SSS)
  • aka arachnoid granulations
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16
Q

related pathologies to CSF

A
  • meningitis
  • hydrocephalus
  • CSF leak
  • subarachnoid haemorrhage
  • lumbar puncture
17
Q

where is lumbar puncture on the spine

A

L3/4

18
Q

what are meninges

A

3 layers of membranes that cover brain and spinal cord

19
Q

what are meninges

A

3 layers of membranes that cover brain and spinal cord

20
Q

what are the meninges made of

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
21
Q

what is the blood brain barrier

A

a semipermeable membrane which acts as a physiological separation of circulating blood from tissues

22
Q

4 types of intracranial bleeds

A
  • extradural
  • subdural
  • subarachnoid
  • intracerebral
23
Q

what are the 3 layers of the blood brain barrier

A
  • endothelia
  • basement membrane
  • astrocytes
24
Q

what are the functions of the blood brain barrier

A
  • managing the microenvironment
  • regulates entry of nutrients
  • regulates exist of wastes
  • regulates passage of ions + fluids
25
Q

the key function of blood CSF barrier

A

key function is selective absorption and entry of nutrients to CSF and removal of toxic metabolic waste

26
Q

the difference between blood-brain barrier and blood CSF barrier

A
  • the BBB is the STRUCTURAL barrier between brain and blood tissue
  • the B-CSF is the functional barrier between CSF and blood tissue
  • BBB has interstitial fluid, BCSF cerebrospinal fluid
27
Q

does BBB have high or low permeability

A

high

28
Q

does B-CSF have high or low permeability

A

low

29
Q

location of BBB

A

between endothelia of whole brain

30
Q

location of B-CSF

A

between epithelia in choroid plexus

31
Q

similarities between BBB and BCSF barriers

A
  • both protective barriers of brain
  • both structures have 3 parts
  • both possess basement membrane
  • both structures selectively permeable
  • tight junctions are present in both barriers
32
Q

where is the spinal cord located

A

located within canal of vertebral column

33
Q

how long is the spinal cord

A

45cm

34
Q

where does the spinal cord end

A

ends at L1/L2 in the adult

35
Q

two main functions of spinal cord

A
  • tract for transmission of stimuli and responses
  • reflex centre for reflex actions
36
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

RD1036 (15 decks)

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