pathologies of skull and facial bones

Question 1

what are the 4 pathologies that can occur

Answer 1

• hydrocephaly
• multiple myeloma
• paget’s
• fracture and dislocations

Question 2

what is hydrocephaly?

Answer 2

• involves excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in ventricles of brain
• head appears enlarged = raised intra-cranial pressure

Question 3

what does increased intra-cranial pressure lead to (ICP)?

Answer 3

• headache
• can further injure brain and spinal cord
• seizures
• strokes
• neurological damages

Question 4

what is multiple myeloma?

Answer 4

• malignant bone tumour
• rare form of cancer characterised by excessive production and improper function of plasma cells in bone marrow

Question 5

where is multiple myeloma best seen in?

Answer 5

lateral view of skull

Question 6

what is paget’s?

Answer 6

• chronic progressive skeletal condition
• caused by abnormal rapid bone destruction and reformation
• new bone may occur in one or more regions of body
• dense and fragile bone

Question 7

symptoms of paget’s

Answer 7

• bone pain
• arthritis
• deformities
• fractures

Question 8

how is paget’s seen in radiographs

Answer 8

• lytic and slcerotic lesiosn on skull radiographs of paget’s patients
• often described as cotton wool appearance

Question 9

what is TMJ - fracture dislocation

Answer 9

• fracture of left mandibular condyle with dislocated TMJ