introduction to endocrine system

Question 1

exocrine glands

Answer 1

products secreted into ducts that carry secretions to body cavities, lumens, skin surface
- sweat, salivary glands

Question 2

endocrine glands

Answer 2

hormones circulated by cardiovascular system

Question 3

examples of endocrine glands

Answer 3

• pituitary
• pineal
• thyroid
• adrenals
• thymus
• ovaries
• testes
• pancreas
• parathyroids

Question 4

location of pituitary gland

Answer 4

attached to hypothalamus
- lies beneath in sella tursica of sphenoid boen

Question 5

location of pineal gland

Answer 5

• located above superior colliculi in brain (pine cone)
• midline suture that calcifies with age

Question 6

location of thyroid

Answer 6

• located in neck anterior/inferior to larynx + anterior to trachea
• butterfly shaped

Question 7

location of adrenals

Answer 7

• suprarenal paired glands with cortex + medulla
• flattened pyramidal shape

Question 8

location of pancreas

Answer 8

• both an endocrine + exocrine gland
• located in curve of duodenum - upper abdomen

Question 9

location of gonads

Answer 9

• ovaries - paired oval structure in female pelvic
• testes - paired oval glands in scrotum

Question 10

what is the hypothalamus

Answer 10

is the main control centre of autonomous nervous system
- crucial link between nervous system + endocrine system
regulates body temp, hunger + thirst

Question 11

giantism

Answer 11

hypersecretion of hGH during childhood

Question 12

dwarfism

Answer 12

hyposecretion of hGH during childhood

Question 13

acromegaly

Answer 13

hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood

Question 14

where is ADH stored

Answer 14

posterior pituitary

Question 15

what does ADH do and how does alcohol affect it

Answer 15

• decreases urine production
• alcohol inhibits ADH production
• increases freq of urination
• acts on kidneys, sweat glands + arterioles

Question 16

two types of thyroid hormones

Answer 16

• thyroxine (T4)
• triiodothyronine (T3)
  ( can also produce calcitonin)

Question 17

effects of thyroid hormones

Answer 17

• increase basic metabolic rate
• increase number of na/k pumps
• increase atp = increase body heat
• promotes growth of nervous/ skeletal system with hGH hormone + insulin

Question 18

what do parathyroids do

Answer 18

• produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• regulates calcium, magnesium and phosphate

Question 19

what do parathyroids promote the release of

Answer 19

promotes the release of calcium from bone extracellular matrix to blood + slows loss of calcium in urine

Question 20

what does calcitonin do in calcium homeostasis

Answer 20

inhibits osteoclasts, decreasing blood calcium level

Question 21

what is parathyroid adenoma

Answer 21

benign tumour of parathyroid glands
- PTH levels get deranged

Question 22

effects of parathyroid adenoma

Answer 22

• osteoporosis
• bone cyst transformation
• causes demineralisation of bone
• weakens skeleton

Question 23

graves disease

Answer 23

• hyperthyroidism
• palpitations
• bulging eyes
• dysponea due to weakness in resp muscles
• weight loss

Question 24

3 classes of hormones in adrenal cortex

Answer 24

• mineral corticoids (3 hormones cortisol)
• glucocorticoids (RAA)
• androgens (small amounts of testosterone)

Question 25

glucagon

Answer 25

a cells
pancreas

Question 26

insulin

Answer 26

b cells
pancreas