introduction to endocrine system Flashcards
exocrine glands
products secreted into ducts that carry secretions to body cavities, lumens, skin surface
- sweat, salivary glands
endocrine glands
hormones circulated by cardiovascular system
examples of endocrine glands
- pituitary
- pineal
- thyroid
- adrenals
- thymus
- ovaries
- testes
- pancreas
- parathyroids
location of pituitary gland
attached to hypothalamus
- lies beneath in sella tursica of sphenoid boen
location of pineal gland
- located above superior colliculi in brain (pine cone)
- midline suture that calcifies with age
location of thyroid
- located in neck anterior/inferior to larynx + anterior to trachea
- butterfly shaped
location of adrenals
- suprarenal paired glands with cortex + medulla
- flattened pyramidal shape
location of pancreas
- both an endocrine + exocrine gland
- located in curve of duodenum - upper abdomen
location of gonads
- ovaries - paired oval structure in female pelvic
- testes - paired oval glands in scrotum
what is the hypothalamus
is the main control centre of autonomous nervous system
- crucial link between nervous system + endocrine system
regulates body temp, hunger + thirst
giantism
hypersecretion of hGH during childhood
dwarfism
hyposecretion of hGH during childhood
acromegaly
hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood
where is ADH stored
posterior pituitary
what does ADH do and how does alcohol affect it
- decreases urine production
- alcohol inhibits ADH production
- increases freq of urination
- acts on kidneys, sweat glands + arterioles
two types of thyroid hormones
- thyroxine (T4)
- triiodothyronine (T3)
( can also produce calcitonin)
effects of thyroid hormones
- increase basic metabolic rate
- increase number of na/k pumps
- increase atp = increase body heat
- promotes growth of nervous/ skeletal system with hGH hormone + insulin
what do parathyroids do
- produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- regulates calcium, magnesium and phosphate
what do parathyroids promote the release of
promotes the release of calcium from bone extracellular matrix to blood + slows loss of calcium in urine
what does calcitonin do in calcium homeostasis
inhibits osteoclasts, decreasing blood calcium level
what is parathyroid adenoma
benign tumour of parathyroid glands
- PTH levels get deranged
effects of parathyroid adenoma
- osteoporosis
- bone cyst transformation
- causes demineralisation of bone
- weakens skeleton
graves disease
- hyperthyroidism
- palpitations
- bulging eyes
- dysponea due to weakness in resp muscles
- weight loss
3 classes of hormones in adrenal cortex
- mineral corticoids (3 hormones cortisol)
- glucocorticoids (RAA)
- androgens (small amounts of testosterone)
