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RD1036 > digestive system- anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

digestive system- anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the digestive system formed by

A

the GI tract and accessory digestive organs

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2
Q

GI tract

A
  • mouth
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
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3
Q

accessory digestive organs

A
  • teeth
  • tongue
  • salivary glands
  • liver
  • gall bladder
  • pancreas
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4
Q

function of digestive system

A

break down food into smaller parts in a way our body can absorb them and utilise them as energy

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5
Q

secretion

A

release of water, acid, buffers and enzymes into GI tract

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6
Q

digestion

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

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7
Q

what is the oral vestibule

A

the space between the gums, lips, cheeks and teeth

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8
Q

what is the hard palate

A

hard part that forms roof of mouth

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9
Q

what is the soft palate (muscular)

A

forms rest of mouths roof

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10
Q

the 4 types of teeth

A
  • canines
  • incisors
  • molars
  • premolars
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11
Q

role of incisors

A
  • 4 upper
  • 4 lower
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12
Q

role of canines

A
  • used for tearing food
  • two upper
  • two lower
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13
Q

role of premolars

A
  • 4 upper
  • 4 lower
  • used to grind food
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14
Q

role of molars

A
  • 6 upper
  • 6 lower
  • used to grind food so juices can penetrate
  • crown is cube-shaped with 3/4 cusps
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15
Q

what are the 3 salivary glands

A
  • parotid gland
  • sublingual gland
  • submandibular gland
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16
Q

where does the accessory parotid gland lie

A
  • within roof of parotid gland
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17
Q

3 parts of pharynx

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
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18
Q

features of the esophagus

A
  • collapsible muscular tube
  • 25cm long
  • posterior to trachea
  • transports food –> stomach
  • secretes mucus
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19
Q

most internal layer of gi tract

A
  • mucosal layer
20
Q

outer layer of gi tract

A
  • serosa
21
Q

mucosa

A
  • contains mucous glands
  • gastric glands in stomach
22
Q

submucosa

A
  • contains connective tissue, blood vessels and mucous glands
23
Q

muscularis

A
  • 3 layers of smooth muscle
24
Q

serosa in stomach

A

simple squamous epithelium tissue and connective tissue

25
Q

serosa in stomach

A

simple squamous epithelium tissue and connective tissue

26
Q

what do cardiac glands mainly secrete

A

mucus

27
Q

where are cardiac glands situated

A

near the cardiac orifice

28
Q

where do gastric glands lie

A

in the fundus and body

29
Q

3 types of cells in gastric glands

A
  • mucous cells
  • chief cells
  • parietal cells
30
Q

where do pyloric glands lie

A
  • in pyloris antrum
  • mainly secret mucus to allow movement through canal
31
Q

how long is small intestine

A

6cm

32
Q

duodenum

A
  • shortest and widest part
33
Q

jejenum

A

middle region

34
Q

ileum

A
  • connects with large intestine
  • site of absorption
  • circular folds
35
Q

role of pyloric sphincter

A
  • smooth muscle
  • communication between stomach and duodenum
36
Q

function of accessory organs

A
  • produce liquids to help with digestion
  • pancreas, liver and gall bladder
37
Q

how long is pancreas

A

12-15cm long

38
Q

role of pancreas

A
  • produces pancreatic juice - plus production of hormones
39
Q

role of liver

A
  • right upper quadrant has hepatocytes that produce bile
40
Q

role of gall bladder

A
  • used as storage of bile
  • can secrete bile in duodenum when needed
41
Q

5 main parts of large intestine

A
  • cecum
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
  • rectum
42
Q

length of caecum

A

6cm long

43
Q

where does caecum lie

A

hangs inferior to proximal colon and distal ileum

44
Q

imaging of the digestive system

A
  • sialogram
  • endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
  • magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
  • small bowel meal
  • barium enema
45
Q

sialogram

A

type of imaging of salivary glands

46
Q

ERCP

A

going with endoscope - any obstruction of pancreatic duct
- can find right access and inject tube using camera

47
Q

MRCP

A
  • uses MRI without being invasive

RD1036 (15 decks)

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