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Neuroanatomy > Ventricles, Blood, Forebrain Intro > Flashcards

Ventricles, Blood, Forebrain Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two regions of the Prosencephalon (forebrain)?

A
  • Telencephalon (cerebral hemisphere)

- Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus)

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2
Q

What is the mesencephalon?

A

midbrain

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3
Q

What are the two regions of the Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)?

A
  • Metencephalon (pons/cerebellum)

- Myelencephalon (medulla)

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4
Q

The lateral ventricle is found in the___________

A

telencephalon

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5
Q

The third ventricle is found in the ___________

A

diencephalon

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6
Q

The cerebral aqueduct is found in the ________

A

midbrain

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7
Q

The fourth ventricle is found in the _____

A

hindbrain

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8
Q

What structures allow CSF to be let out into the cisterns of the subarachnoid space?

A

Median and two lateral apetures

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9
Q

What structure allows CSF to be let out into the superior sagittal sinus?

A

arachnoid granulation villi

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10
Q

What three things make up the leptomeninges?

A
  • arachnoid mater
  • subarachnoid space
  • pia mater
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11
Q

Arterial bleeding between the skull and the dura mater is called what?

A

epidural hematoma

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12
Q

Venous bleeding between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater is called what?

A

subdural hematoma

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13
Q

Hemorrhaging of the cerebral arteries part of the circle of willis would result in what?

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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14
Q

Blindness would be the result of blockage of which cerebral artery?

A

posterior cerebral artery

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15
Q

Vertebral arteries converge to form what?

A

Basilar artery

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16
Q

What are the two main blood pathways to the circle of willis?

A
  • internal carotid artery

- vertebral arteries

17
Q

Another word for anastomosis in the brain is?

A

Watershed

18
Q

What are the 4 major divisions of the telencephalon?

A

1-frontal lobe
2-parietal lobe
3-temporal lobe
4-occipital lobe

19
Q

What are the two major landmarks that define the frontal lobe?

A
  • Central sulcus (divides parietal and frontal

- Lateral sulcus (divides frontal and temporal)

20
Q

How many layers does the Cortex have?

A

6 layers, each with distinct functions

21
Q

What are the functionally distinct regions of the brain largely based on?

A

Brodmann’s Areas

22
Q

What is an embolism?

A

occlusion of artery

23
Q

What is a hemorrhage?

A

bleeding from vessel

24
Q

What is ischemia?

A

death as a result of lack of oxygen and glucose

25
Q

What are the 3 kinds of Cerebral Cortex connections?

A

1-Projection neurons (usually motor, involves spinal cord, basal ganglia and thalamus)
2-Association (parts of cortex plugged together)
3-Commisural (Connecting right and left hemisphere)

26
Q

What is a commissure?

A

Reciprocal connections or union of parts

27
Q

What is a chiasma?

A

Crossing and/or intersection of two tracts

28
Q

What is decussation?

A

Cross-over of independent tracts at the same site

29
Q

What are crossing fibers?

A

Fibers may cross but come back to the same side they left. Such as with the trochlear nerve

30
Q

What are the major subdivisions of the Diencephalon?

A
  • Epithalamus
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
31
Q

What surrounds the third ventricle?

A

Diencephalon

32
Q

What two major things are found in the epithalamus?

A
  • pineal gland (light dark cycles)

- habenula (role in negative feedback/reward system)

33
Q

What is the main function of the thalamus?

A

-relay nuclei

34
Q

What is the major function of the hypothalamus?

A

-endocrin/physiological stasis

35
Q

The limbic system predonimately deals with what?

A

Emotion

36
Q

What is the major function of basal ganglia?

A

-fine motor control

37
Q

What are the 5 major nuclei of basal ganglia?

A 
1-Caudate nucleus (striated)
2-Putamen 
3-Globus pallidus
4-Subthalamic nucleus
5-substantia nigra
38
Q

Where is the limbo system predominantly found?

A

temporal lobe

39
Q

What are the two major components of the limbic system?

A
  • hippocampus

- amygdala

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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