Ventricles, Blood, Forebrain Intro Flashcards
What are the two regions of the Prosencephalon (forebrain)?
- Telencephalon (cerebral hemisphere)
- Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus)
What is the mesencephalon?
midbrain
What are the two regions of the Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)?
- Metencephalon (pons/cerebellum)
- Myelencephalon (medulla)
The lateral ventricle is found in the___________
telencephalon
The third ventricle is found in the ___________
diencephalon
The cerebral aqueduct is found in the ________
midbrain
The fourth ventricle is found in the _____
hindbrain
What structures allow CSF to be let out into the cisterns of the subarachnoid space?
Median and two lateral apetures
What structure allows CSF to be let out into the superior sagittal sinus?
arachnoid granulation villi
What three things make up the leptomeninges?
- arachnoid mater
- subarachnoid space
- pia mater
Arterial bleeding between the skull and the dura mater is called what?
epidural hematoma
Venous bleeding between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater is called what?
subdural hematoma
Hemorrhaging of the cerebral arteries part of the circle of willis would result in what?
subarachnoid hemorrhage
Blindness would be the result of blockage of which cerebral artery?
posterior cerebral artery
Vertebral arteries converge to form what?
Basilar artery
What are the two main blood pathways to the circle of willis?
- internal carotid artery
- vertebral arteries
Another word for anastomosis in the brain is?
Watershed
What are the 4 major divisions of the telencephalon?
1-frontal lobe
2-parietal lobe
3-temporal lobe
4-occipital lobe
What are the two major landmarks that define the frontal lobe?
- Central sulcus (divides parietal and frontal
- Lateral sulcus (divides frontal and temporal)
How many layers does the Cortex have?
6 layers, each with distinct functions
What are the functionally distinct regions of the brain largely based on?
Brodmann’s Areas
What is an embolism?
occlusion of artery
What is a hemorrhage?
bleeding from vessel
What is ischemia?
death as a result of lack of oxygen and glucose
What are the 3 kinds of Cerebral Cortex connections?
1-Projection neurons (usually motor, involves spinal cord, basal ganglia and thalamus)
2-Association (parts of cortex plugged together)
3-Commisural (Connecting right and left hemisphere)
What is a commissure?
Reciprocal connections or union of parts
What is a chiasma?
Crossing and/or intersection of two tracts
What is decussation?
Cross-over of independent tracts at the same site
What are crossing fibers?
Fibers may cross but come back to the same side they left. Such as with the trochlear nerve
What are the major subdivisions of the Diencephalon?
- Epithalamus
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
What surrounds the third ventricle?
Diencephalon
What two major things are found in the epithalamus?
- pineal gland (light dark cycles)
- habenula (role in negative feedback/reward system)
What is the main function of the thalamus?
-relay nuclei
What is the major function of the hypothalamus?
-endocrin/physiological stasis
The limbic system predonimately deals with what?
Emotion
What is the major function of basal ganglia?
-fine motor control
What are the 5 major nuclei of basal ganglia?
1-Caudate nucleus (striated) 2-Putamen 3-Globus pallidus 4-Subthalamic nucleus 5-substantia nigra
Where is the limbo system predominantly found?
temporal lobe
What are the two major components of the limbic system?
- hippocampus
- amygdala
