Brainstem Flashcards
What landmarks are characteristic of the Midbrain (mesencephalon)? (Legs doing the splits)
- Quadrigeminal plate (superior and inferior colliculi)
- Cerebral peduncles
- Cerebral aquaduct
- Red nucleus (rostral end)
- substantia nigra
What landmarks are characteristic of the Pons? (Uncle bob’s belly)
- pons proper
- middle cerebellar peduncle
- Fourth ventricle
- Basilar artery
What landmarks are characteristic of the Medulla? (butt crack)
- Pyramid
- Olive
- Fourth Ventricle
- Vertebral arteries
The alar plate deals with what neurons?
sensory
The basal plate deals with what neurons?
motor
What are the three Sensory nuclei?
1-Somatic Sensory
2-Hearing and balance sensory
3-Visceral sensory
What are the three Motor nuclei?
1-Visceral motor
2-Branchial motor
3-Somatic motor
What imaginary line separates the motor and sensory nuclei?
sulcus limitans
What does the oculomotor nucleus innervate?
- Levator palpabrae superioris (eyelid muscle)
- Superior rectus
- Medial rectus
- Inferior rectus
- Inferior oblique
*CN III- occulomotor nerve
What happens to eye movement when the oculomotor nuclei is damaged?
eye deviates down and out with ptosis (droopy eyelid)
Edinger-westphal nucleus is visceral motor (para) that innervates what?
ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae
*CN III
Parasympathetics _______ the pupil and Sympathetics _________ it
constrict, dilate
How do you test the trochlear nucleus (CN IV)?
Have them look in and down (trochlear innervates the inferior oblique)
Light sensory travels in via the ___________ nerve and the reflex of sphincter pupillae contraction goes out the __________
Optic (CN II)
Oculomotor (CN III, in consensual fashion)
The trigeminal motor nucleus is a branchial motor nucleus that innervates what?
muscles of mastication (mandibular articulation)
What is the general responsibility of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract?
receiving general sensory innervation from CN V-trigeminal
What three regions does sensory information come to the trigeminal nucleus?
V1- ophthalmic region
V2-Maxilla
V3-Mandible
The corneal reflex is sensory info from ___________ to the spinal trigeminal nucleus which then sends motor via the ____________
CN V1 (trigeminal ophthalmic region), Facial nucleus CN VII
*All happens in the pons
Abducens nucles CN VI, does what?
abducts eye by innervating lateral rectus
The superior salivary nucleus is visceral motor (para) that innervates what?
Submandibular and sublingual glands
lacrimal gland
The branchial, facial nucleus is responsible for what?
innervation of facial expression muscles
What nuclei are found in the rostral midbrain?
- occulomotor nucleus (Som. Motor)
- Ed westphal nucleus (Visc. motor)
*occulomotor nerve CN III
What nuclei is found in the caudal midbrain?
Trochlear nucleus (CN IV)
Which nuclei are found in the rostral Pons?
- Motor trigeminal
- sensory trigeminal (V1, V2, V3)
Which nuclei are found in the caudal pons
- abducens nucleus (CN VI)
- facial nucleus (CN VII)
- Superior salvitory nucleus (CN VII)
Which nuclei are found in the medulla?
- hypoglossal
- dorsal vagal
- inferior salvitory
- nucleus ambiguus
What does the hypoglossal nucleus (CN XII) innervate?
movement of the tongue (genioglossus muscle)
What does the dorsal motor nucleus (CN X vagus) innervate?
parasympathetic:
- Heart
- Trachea
- GI tract
- Accessory GI glands/organs
What does the inferior salivatory nucleus (CN IX glossopharyngeal) innervate?
Parotid gland
The bronchial motor Nucleus ambiguus (CN IX and X) innervates what?
1-Laryngeal muscles
2-palatal muscles
3-pharyngeal muscles
*like a lightswitch with three lamps
What is the pathway of the corneal reflex?
s. CN V1 in
m. CN VII out
*in the pons
What is the pathway of the gag reflex?
s. CN IX in
m. CN X out
*in the medulla
What is the pathway of the pupillary light reflex?
s. CN II in
m CN III out
*midbrain
What two CN are in the midbrain?
CN III oculomotor
CN IV trochlear
Which CN are in the pons?
CN V trigeminal
CN VI abducens
CN VII facial
CN VIII vestibulocochlear
Which CN are in the medulla?
CN IX Glossopharyngeal
CN X vagus
CN XI spinal accessory
CN XII hypoglossal
