ventricle CSF and hydrocephalus Flashcards
where is most CSF made
Lateral ventricle (~65%)
what produces CSF
choroid plexus
What composes the BBB
tight junctions btw endothelium BM astrocytic foot processes transport carrier for glucose and aas sodium ion transporter metabolic processes within endothelial cells (for NTs)
where are the tight junctions found in the blood-csf barrier?
between choroid cells
impairment of blood-csf barrier can lead to findings of what in the csf?
proteins
level for lumbar puncture
L4-L5
F(x) of CSF
protection: “shock absorber”
buoyancy
metabolic (takes potentially harmful substances away)
endocrine medium
what foramen leave the 4th ventricle
foramen of luschka (2) lateral
foramen of magendie (1) medial
Hydrocephalus
excessive amt of csf accumulates within cerebral ventricles or subarachnoid spaces
leads to increased ICP, ventricular dilation
Communicating = non-obstructive hydrocephalus
block of csf after it leaves ventricles
csf can still flow between ventricles
due to abnormalities in resorption of csf
associated with increased ICP
most common site for abnormality?
communicating hydrocephalus
arachnoid villi
normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
chronic communicating hydrocephalus
normal opening pressure on lumbar puncture
pathologically enlarged ventricular size
due to:
increased viscosity of csf
altered elasticity of ventricular walls
impaired absorption due to infect.?/subarachnoid
hemorrhage
sx of NPH
triad:
dementia
apraxic gait (inability to initiate walking?)
urinary incontinence
hydrocephalus ex-vacuo
communicating hydrocephalus
compensatory enlargement of ventricles and
subarachnoid space
due to:
brain atrophy
post-traumatic brain injuries
some psychiatric disorders (schiz)
Not accompanied by ICP changesnon-communicating = obstructive hydrocephalus
accumulation of csf due to obstruction of csf flow
most likely place for blockage?
obstructive hydrocephalus
cerebral aqueduct (aqueductal stenosis)
"thunderclap headache"Dandy-walker malformation
obstruction of the 4th ventricle at the outlet + cerebellar hypoplasia
partial or complete agenesis of cerebellar vermis
Dandy-walker cysts
enlarged fourth ventricles
Chiari type 2 malformation
associated with lumbosacral myelomeningocele
herniation of medulla and cerebellum through foramen
magnum
causes:
structural defects in brain and SC on development
genetic mutations
lack of certain vitamins in maternal diet
