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Neuro-E2 > development of nervous system > Flashcards

development of nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Neurulation begins what day

A

22-23

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2
Q

where is neural tube located in relation to the somites

A

cranial to fourth somites

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3
Q

three primary brain vesicles

A

prosencephalon - forbrain
mesencephalon - midbrain
rhombencephalon - hindbrain

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4
Q

5th week which brain vesicles divide

A 
forebrain: prosencephalon
    telencephalon
    diencephalon
hindbrain: rhombencephalon
    metencephalon
    myelencephalon
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5
Q

cervical flexure separates what two parts of the developing brain

A

hindbrain from spinal cord

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6
Q

pontine flexure separates what two parts of the developing brain

A

metencephalon from myelencephalon

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7
Q

cephalic flexure separates what two parts of the developing brain

A

midbrain from diencephalon

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8
Q

holoprosencephaly (HPE)

A

incomplete separation of cerebral hemispheres

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9
Q

pituitary gland embryo

A 
first arch ectoderm
hypophyseal diverticulum (Rathke's pouch)

posterior lobe is neuroectoderm

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10
Q

zones of the spinal cord

A

ventricular
intermediate (gray matter; cell bodies)
marginal (white matter; axon tracts)

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11
Q

spinal cord vs pontine

location of sensory/motor fibers

A

spinal cord: dorsal = motor; ventral = sensory

pontine: lateral = sensory; medial = motor

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12
Q

nuclei from basal plate of sulcus limitans

A

Mesencephalon:
red nucleas
occulomotor
trochlear (at level of inferior colliculus)

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13
Q

GSE CNs

A

3,4,6,11,12

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14
Q

SVE CNs

A

5,7,9.10

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15
Q

GVE CNs

A

3,7,9,10

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16
Q

SVA CNs

A

1,7,9,10

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17
Q

GVA CNs

A

9,10

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18
Q

GSA CNs

A

5,7,9,10

19
Q

SSA CNs

A

2,8

20
Q

Syringomyelia

A

too much fluid in central canal of spinal cord

associated with chiari type 1

21
Q

most common location for syringomyelia

A

C2-T9

22
Q

hydrocephalus

A

too much fluid (CSF) in brain (ventricles or subarachnoid space)
communicating vs non-communicating

23
Q

Cerebral palsy types

A 
Spastic - toe walking and scissor gait
Athenoid - slow writhing movements of 
    extremities and/or trunk
Ataxic - incoordination, weakness, shaking during 
    voluntary movement
Mixed
24
Q

cerebral palsy: hemiplegia

A

both limbs on one side of body affected

25
Q

cerebral palsy: quadriplegia

A

all 4 limbs equally affected

26
Q

cerebral palsy: diplegia

A

lower limbs affected more than upper limbs

27
Q

Arnold-chiari malformation

A 
2 types:
  type 1: associated w/ syringomyelia
    herniation of cerebellar tonsils through foramen 
    magnum
  type 2: associated w/ hydrocephalus
    herniation of medulla and cerebellum through 
    foramen magnum (can include vermis?)
    lower cranial nerve problems
    (myelomengocele?)
28
Q

dandy-walker malformation (cyst)

A

non-communicating (obstructive) hydrocephalus
cyst continuous with large 4th ventricle
hypoplasia of cerebellum
atresia of foramen of luschka and magendie

29
Q

hydrancephaly

A

due to obstruction of blood flow to the areas supplied by internal carotids
absence of cerebral hemispheres
brainstem intact

30
Q

Lamina 1 of cerebrum

A

mainly dendrites

31
Q

Lamina 2 and 3 of cerebrum

A

mainly contain neurons that project into other areas of the cortex

32
Q

Lamina 4 of cerebrum

A

receives majority of the inputs from the thalamus

larger in sensory regions

33
Q

Lamina 5 of cerebrum

A

projects mostly into subcortical regions

larger in motor regions

34
Q

Lamina 6 of cerebrum

A

projects primarily to thalamus

35
Q

Lamina of cerebrum developed first

A

lamina 5 & 6

followed by 4 –> 3 –> 2

36
Q

Which lamina layer is leftover of MZ

A

1

37
Q

Lissencephaly or Agyria (smooth brain)

A

failure of neuronal migration in weeks 12-24

38
Q

cell type of cerebellum (embryo)

A

neuroectoderm

39
Q

source of sensory neurons in periphery vs cns

A

periphery: NCC –> spinal ganglion and sensory
neurons
CNS: Alar plate –> only sensory in CNS

40
Q

what forms PNS? (2)

A

ncc + ectodermal placode

41
Q

pre-ganglionic vs post-ganglionic fibers

A

pre: neuroectoderm
post: ncc

42
Q

what myelinates CNS/PNS?

A

CNS: oligodendrocytes
PNS: Schwann cells
motor roots myelinated first

judgement and decision making myelinated last

43
Q

Spina bifida

A 
Failure of closure of caudal neuropore
Spina bifida occulta
meningocele
meningomyelocele
myelocele
44
Q

Anencephaly

encephalocele (with or without brain tissue)

A

failure of rostral neuropore to close

Neuro-E2 (12 decks)

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