Neurotransmitter systems

Question 1

Ach central location

Answer 1

Pons/Midbrain (arousal and REM sleep)

Caudate and Putamen neurons in Striatum of basal ganglia (motor control)

Question 2

Ach f(x)

Answer 2

wakefulness/motor control

Question 3

Ach receptor

Answer 3

ionotropic - nicotinic

metabotropic - muscarinic

Question 4

GABA central location

Answer 4

CNS, more in higher CNS

Question 5

GABA f(x)

Answer 5

major inhibitory - motor control, consciousness

Question 6

GABA receptor

Answer 6

ionotropic - GABAa (Cl conductance)
metabotropic - GABAb (GiGo –> GIRK –> inhib. Ca
channel)
Pre-synaptic - regulate NT release
Post-synaptic - inhib. of post-synaptic cell

Question 7

Glycine central location

Answer 7

spinal cord and lower CNS

Question 8

Glycine f(x)
(how? what blocks?)

Answer 8

general inhibition

influx of Cl leads to ipsp
Stychnine binds to and blocks

Question 9

Glycine receptor

Answer 9

ionotropic - GlyR

Question 10

Purines central location

Answer 10

widespread

Question 11

Purines f(x)

Answer 11

adenosine - sleep, inhibition;

atp

Question 12

Purines receptor

Answer 12

2 major classes: P1, P2

ionotropic - P2X
metabotropic - P1(A), P2Y

Question 13

Opiods central location

Answer 13

Basal ganglia; hypothalamus; pons/medulla

Question 14

Opiods f(x)

Answer 14

analgesia (nociceptive modification)

mood/effect (sedative)

Question 15

Opiods receptor

Answer 15

metabotropic - Mu (increase K efflux & hyperpolarization) , delta, kappa (GiGo) (decrease Ca influx)

Question 16

Endocannabinoids central location

Answer 16

Basal ganglia; cortex, spinal cord

Question 17

Endocannabinoids f(x)

Answer 17

Neuroprotection
mood
nociception

Question 18

Endocannabinoids receptor

Answer 18

metabotropic - CB-1 (Gi) (reduces EAA and GABA release)

CB-2 is anti-inflammatory

Question 19

which muscarinic receptors use Gq pathway

Answer 19

M1, 3, 5

increase IP3 and DAG –> increased Ca

Question 20

which muscarinic receptors use Gi pathway

Answer 20

M2, 4

decreased cAMP –> increased K

Question 21

GABA removal from synapse

Answer 21

GATs (Gly uses this too)
GAT1 - presynaptic terminals; repackaged into vesicals
as is
GAT2 - glial cells surrounding synapse; broken down
into glutamate in ECF, taken up by presynaptic
terminal, recycled into GABA

Question 22

P1 purine receptor (A receptors)

Answer 22

ligand = adenosine
post-synaptic: 
    sleep induction
    general inhib. of neural function
pre-synaptic: 
    regulation of NT release

Question 23

P2 purine receptor

Answer 23

P2X: ATP
P2Y: ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP
(GsGq coupled)

learning and memory
modification of locomotor pathways