Ventilatory System

Question 0

Pharynx

Answer 0

Located at the base of the nasal cavity involved in both digestion and respiration. Continues to warm and filter air.

Question 1

Nose

Answer 1

Allows air to enter the system through low resistant pathway lined with dense blood capillary network and mucous membrane. Air is warmed, filtered and moistened by lining.

Question 2

Larynx

Answer 2

Voice box, situated at the top of the trachea. Continues to warm and filter air. Contains semi cartilaginous flap called epiglottis which prevents food from entering trachea

Question 3

Trachea

Answer 3

Single airway extending from the larynx to the diving bronchii. Delivers air from the tube into the lungs

Question 4

Bronchi

Answer 4

Branches delivering air into each of the lungs

Question 5

Bronchioles

Answer 5

Consist of smooth muscle with no supporting cartilage. Further divide delivering air into alveolar ducts

Question 6

Lungs

Answer 6

Double bag wrapped structure responsible for the mechanics of breathing. Change in pressure along with. Diaphragm contracting causes inhaling/exhaling of air in and out of the lungs

Question 7

Alveoli

Answer 7

Air sacs which receive air from bronchioles through alveolar ducts. Responsible for gaseous exchange which takes place between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries.

Question 8

Outline the functions of conducting airways

Answer 8

• humidification and temperature regulation (conditioning the air)
• filtration and removal of particles
• antibacterial/immunological defense
• sense of smell
• production of sound/voice
• regulation of blood pH

Question 9

Pulmonary ventilation

Answer 9

Exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs. (Breathing) as air moves into and out of the lungs, it travels from regions of high pressure to regions of low air pressure.

Question 10

Total lung capacity

Answer 10

The maximum that lungs can be expanded to. Greatest possible inspiration. (Equal to vital capacity + residual volume)

Question 11

Vital capacity

Answer 11

Maximum amount of air that a person can expel from their lungs after they have been filled to their maximum capacity

Question 12

Tidal volume

Answer 12

The volume of gas inhaled and exhaled in a single breath during regular breathing

Question 13

Expiratory Reserve volume

Answer 13

The maximal volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after normal expiration (reserve air, or supplemental air)

Question 14

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 14

Maximum volume of additional gas that can be inhaled through forcible inspiration following normal inspiration

Question 15

Residual volume

Answer 15

Air remaining in the lungs at the end of maximum expiration

Question 16

Average vital capacity

Answer 16

The maximum volume that your lungs can exhale, average 4.6 L

Question 17

Average lung capacity

Answer 17

Can hold up to 4-6 L. Females tend to have a 20-25% lower lung capacity than men

Question 18

Average tidal volume

Answer 18

0.5 L, 25% of the average lung capacity

Question 19

Intercostal muscles

Answer 19

Found between our 12 ribs. During inspiration the external intercostals contract, pulling the thoracic cage up and out. During expiration, the external intercostals relax and the internal intercostals contract to force air out.

Question 20

Scaleni and sternocleidmastoids

Answer 20

Muscles that assist in pulling the 1st and 2nd ribs during inspiration. During exercise they help to increase the the thorax.