Skill In Sport

Question 0

Characteristics of skill

Answer 0

1) Learned- through practice, repetition and feedback
2) Has an end result- skill is goal oriented. Important for the performer to be aware of the goal.
3) Skill results in economic and efficient movement- meet performance goals with minimal outlay of energy
4) skilled performers achieve their goals consistently

Question 1

Skill

Answer 1

Consistent production of goal oriented movements which are learned and specific to the task.

Question 2

Types of skills

Answer 2

Motor skills, cognitive skills, perceptual skills, perceptual motor skills

Question 3

Motor skills

Answer 3

Skills that emphasize movement but do not require much thinking (weightlifting)

Question 4

Cognitive skills

Answer 4

Ability to solve problems by thinking. (Playing chess)

Question 5

Perceptual skills

Answer 5

Perception is the process by which we sense things and interpret them. Take info from our environment and making decisions. (Deciding what type of shot to hit in golf)

Question 6

Perceptual motor skills

Answer 6

Reading environmental stimuli and the motor reaction that follows.

Question 7

Discrete skills

Answer 7

Have a clear start and finish and are usually brief, though well defined. (Golf swing, forward roll)

Question 8

Serial skills

Answer 8

Linking together skills to form larger, more complex movements. (Triple jump)

Question 9

Continuous skills

Answer 9

Where the end of one cycle of movement is the beginning of the next. Repetitive, rhythmical, long duration. (Swimming, running, cycling)

Question 10

Open skills

Answer 10

Are significantly affected by environmental conditions, which dictate the pace. (Soccer, hockey)

Question 11

Closed skills

Answer 11

Are performed in a more stable and predictable environment, can be paced by the performer. Patterns of movement. (Golf)

Question 12

Gross motor skills

Answer 12

Involve large muscle groups such as arms and legs. (Walking, jumping, running)

Question 13

Fine motor skills

Answer 13

Involve much smaller muscle groups and fine movements. Intricate, precise, hand eye coordination (playing piano, catching a ball)

Question 14

Differentiate between Individual, Coactive and Interactive skills.

Answer 14

Individual are performed alone, Coactive are performed with but not directly confronting others, and interactive are performing while directly involved with others.

Question 15

Define ability

Answer 15

Ability refers to a general trait or capacity of the individual that is related to the performance potential of a variety of skills or tasks.

Question 16

Characteristics of ability

Answer 16

A mainly stable trait, genetically determined, developed through maturation, modified by experience.

Question 17

Fleishman’s Perceptual Motor ability

Answer 17

Abilities that allow individual performers to make take in and process info and decide how and when to move. Almost all sports skills will be a combination of perceptor and motor ability.

Question 18

Fleishman’s Physical proficiency abilities

Answer 18

Those relating to the actual movements (strength, speed of limb movement, etc)

Question 19

Technique

Answer 19

“Way of doing”. In the performance of a specific sports skill it is defined as the way in which a sports skill is performed.

Question 20

Relationship between ability, skill and technique.

Answer 20

Skill = ability + technique

Question 21

Differences between a skilled and novice performer

Answer 21

Skilled perform with accuracy more consistently than novices can. Also have more control and can perform the task more efficiently. The skill is learned already by the skilled, whereas the novice is still learning. More fluency.

Question 22

Information processing

Answer 22

The system by which we take info from our surrounding environment, use it to make a decision and then produce a response:

Input-decision-making-output

Question 23

Exteroceptors

Answer 23

Provide information from outside the body, from external environments. Include vision, hearing, touch, taste and smell.

Question 24

Proprioceptors

Answer 24

Receptor responsible for telling us where we are oriented in space. Also tells us which muscles are contracted and which joints extended three components of proprioception are touch, equilibrium and kinethesis.

Question 25

Interoceptors

Answer 25

Provide sensory info from within the body. (Lung stretch receptors, chemoreceptors, movement of internal organs, hunger)

Question 26

Signal detection process

Answer 26

Signal- important info
Noise- non essential background info

Probability of detecting any given signal depends on the intensity of the signal compared to the intensity of the background. Likelihood of detecting signal depends on the interaction between 2 variables: sensitivity and bias.

Question 27

Short term sensory memory

Answer 27

Unlimited capacity.
Duration less than one second.
Only retained and processed if it is attended to and is sent to short term memory

Question 28

Short term memory

Answer 28

Capacity- 7+/-2 items
Duration- 10-20 seconds without rehearsal
Must be rehearsed to be sent to the long term memory.

Question 29

Long term memory

Answer 29

Unlimited capacity
Duration approximately a century
Retrieval recalled and moved to short term memory.

Question 30

Selective attention and memory

Answer 30

SA operated in short term sensory, where the relevant info is passed to short term memory. (All distractions and info irrelevant to what you are doing is eliminated preventing information overload)

Question 31

Methods of memory improvement

Answer 31

Brevity, clarity, chunking, association, organization, rehearsal, practice.

Question 32

Brevity

Answer 32

Only able to process a little at a time (3 coaching points, then practice)

Question 33

Clarity

Answer 33

Keep it simple to start and add complexity later. Introducing similar topics at the same time can cause interference. (Tennis to badminton transfer)

Question 34

Chunking

Answer 34

Can hold more info in our short term memory if we chunk it into meaningful units.

Question 35

Association

Answer 35

Link new knowledge to that you already know. (Teach individual components that will be linked into one fluid movement)

Question 36

Organization

Answer 36

Organize the info we are to learn and make it meaningful (coaches sometimes use imagery)

Question 37

Rehearsal

Answer 37

Go over info again and again to ensure relevant info is passed into our long term memory. Needs to be stored if it is to be rehearsed.

Question 38

Practice

Answer 38

Related to rehearsal, practicing new things shuttles info between short and long term memory. Improves memory trace, making info more readily available.

Question 39

Response time

Answer 39

Speed in which we complete an action.

Response = reaction time + movement time

Question 40

Factors that determine response time

Answer 40

Age
Sex
Health
Body temperature
Personality
Length of neural pathways 
State of alertness 
Intensity of stimuli 
Probability of stimulus occurring 
Existence of warning signals