Anatomy & Movement Flashcards
Describe the Appendicular skeleton
Helps us perform locomotor tasks. Body parts that are attached to the axial skeleton. (Appendages) Consists of: -clavicle -scapula -humerus -ulna -femur -radius -patella Etc.
Describe the Axial Skeleton
Protects and supports vital organs. Consists of:
- skull
- sternum
- ribs
- vertebral column
- coax
- coccyx
State the four types of bones
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular
Characterize a long bone
Strong, large, curved, wide
Characterize a short bone
Short, spongey, cube shaped
Characterize a flat bone
Thin, flat, broad
Characterize an irregular bone
Any bone that does not fit in any of the other 3 categories
Define epiphysis
Ends of a long bone, where it connects to another bone
Diaphysis
Long, shaft of the bone (strength)
Medullary cavity
Hollow middle of diaphysis, holds bone marrow
Bone marrow
Blood cell production occurs here, also fat storage
Articular cartilage
Outer surface of epiphysis, decreases friction in the joints
Nutrient foramen
Opening to blood vessel passageways
Endosteum
Lining of the inner cavity. Heals any fractures
Periosteum
Outer lining, protects against injury
Inferior
Nearer to the feet. A structure below another
Superior
Nearer to the head, a structure above another
Proximal
Nearer to the trunk, closer to the point of attachment on the body than another structure.
Distal
Farther away from the trunk, farther from the point of attachment to the body than another structure
Medial
Nearer to the medial plane, towards the midline of the body
Lateral
Farther from the medial plane, away from the midline of the body
Posterior
Nearer to the back, the back of the body
Anterior
Nearer to the front, the front of the body
Outline the functions of connective tissue
Cartilage- support and cushioning. Found between discs of vertebrae, surrounding ends of joints and in nose and ears
Ligament- connective tissue attaching two or more bones together
Tendon- attaches muscle to bone
Joint
Where two or more bones meet
Fibrous joint
Connections between bones, held by fibrous connective tissue, includes collagen fibers. No movement permitted.
Cartiligous joint
Covered in cartilage, allows some movement between bones.
Synovial joint
Most common. Allows lots of movement. Has a layer of fibrocartilage and lubricating synovial fluid
Articular cartilage
White, smooth tissues found on the ends of bones. Makes it easier for bones to glide over each other and reduces friction
Synovial membrane
Surrounds freely moving joints (shoulder, elbow, knee) secretes synovial fluid to lubricate to make movement easier
Synovial fluid
Found in joints along with the membrane, lubricates, makes movement easier, nourishes the joint. Consistency of an egg.
Bursae
Small, fluid filled sac lined with synovial membrane. Provides cushioning between bones and tendons in the joint. Reduces friction. Filled with synovial fluid
Articulate capsule
Joint capsule enclosing the cavity of a synovial joint
List types of synovial joints
Hinge, ball and socket, condyloid, pivot, gliding, saddle
Hinge joint
Allows flexion and extension. (Elbow, knee)
Ball and socket joint
Allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal and external rotation (shoulder, hip)