VENTILATION, GAS EXCHANGE AND PH HOMEOSTASIS PART 1

Question 1

What is ventilation

Answer 1

Ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the lungs.

Question 2

What is tidal volume?

Answer 2

The volume of air taken in and out with each breath.

Question 3

what is minute volume?

Answer 3

Minute volume is the volume or air entering and leaving the lungs each minute.

Question 4

whats the calculation for minute volume?

Answer 4

minute volume= respiratory rate X tidal volume

Question 5

whats the difference between conducting airways and respiratory airways.

Answer 5

Conducting airways include structures that are responsible for bringing air into the lungs and respiratory airway is responsible for gas exchange.

Question 6

What structures are part of the conducting airways?

Answer 6

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles

Question 7

What structures are part of the respiratory airways?

Answer 7

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar space

Question 8

what are the two classifications of ventilation and what do they both mean.

Answer 8

Pulmanary ventilation- The movement of air in and out of the lungs.
Alveolar ventilation- the movement of air in gas exchange.

Question 9

Explain how perfusion relates to gas exchange.

Answer 9

Some alveioli are perfused whilst otheres are non-perfused. But this depends on their level of blood supply. non- perfused are also known as dead space.

Question 10

what is dead space?

Answer 10

dead space is non perfused regions of the alveolar where gas exchange does not occur.

Question 11

what is tidal volume equal to?

Answer 11

Tidal volume= amount of dead space + volume of air entering the alveoli

Question 12

How is ventilation measured and what cannot be measured using this method?

Answer 12

Ventilation is measured using a spirometer but residual volume and funtional residual capacity cannot be measured using this method.

Question 13

what meathod is used to measure residual volume and functional residual
capacity?

Answer 13

helium dilation method or plethysmography.

Question 14

what is the vital capacity?

Answer 14

Maximum volume or air that can be inhaled and exhaled in one breath.

Question 15

What is the residual volume?

Answer 15

The residual volume is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after expiration. volume of air that cannot be expelled.

Question 16

How does Residual volume and Functional residual capacity vary with copd, emphysema and sometimes asthma.

Answer 16

The residual volume is increased as the respiratory muscles have a greater resting length. respiratory movements are also less efficient and work required for breathing increases.

Question 17

what is another measure for ventilation?

Answer 17

the peak expiratory flow rate- used to measure airway obstruction. can be used to measure asthma or copd at home.