Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory > Ventilation / Compliance > Flashcards

Ventilation / Compliance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tidal volume

A

Volume of air that we breath in and out
Increased in pregnancy
500ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the inspiratory reserve volume

A

Max volume of air which can be drawn in above tidal volume
3000ml
Relies on lung compliance (elastic recoil) and muscle strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the expiratory reserve volume

A

Max volume of air which can be expelled below tidal volume

1100ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the residual volume

A

The. volume of gas in the lung at the end of a max expiration
1200ml
Stops alveoli collapsing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What volume cannot be measured with spirometry

A

Residual volume

All other volumes can

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are capacities

A

Lung volumes which do not change with breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the vital capacity

A

Max volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lung
ESV + TV + IRV
4.5l
Changes in disease - as relies on compliance / resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the functional residual capacity

A

The amount of air in the lung after normal expiration
ESV + RV
3L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is inspiratory capacity

A

The amount of air in the lung that can be breathed in
TV. + IRV
3L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the total lung capacity

A

The amount of air in the lung after max inspiration

6L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What measures total lung capacity

A

Helium dilation
Hyperinflated =120%
Resitricted = 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is anatomical dead space

A

Air that never reaches the alveoli
150ml
Nitrogen washout measures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are visual ways of presenting lung volumes

A

Flow volume loop
Nitrogen washout graph
Vitalograph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation

A

Total air in and out
INSIGNIFICANT
RR + TV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is alveolar ventilation

A 
Fresh air getting to alveoli for exchange 
RR x (TV-anatomical dead space) 
Only 350ml of fresh air reaches alveoli when you inspire
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is alveolar ventilation gretest

A

Base of the lung
More compliant + stretch more when compressed / contracted
Small change in intrapleural pressure = large change in volume

17
Q

What is the partial pressure

A

The pressure of a single gas in a mixture

Equivalent to % of gas x P of whole mixture

18
Q

What is alveolar partial pressure of O2 and CO2

A 
PO2 = 100mmHg (13.3)
PCO2 = 40mmHg (5.3)
19
Q

What does hyperventilation cause

A

Increased alveolar as increased tidal volume
PO2 = 120
PCO2 = 20 - which is why a normal CO2 is bad if resp distress

20
Q

What does hypoventilation cause

A

Decreased alveolar ventilation
P02 = 30
PCO2 = 100

21
Q

What is the Law of LaPlace

A

P (transpulmonary) = 2x Surface tension / radius

22
Q

What does law of Laplace mean

A

If alveolar radius decrease s or tension gets larger than P increases and alveoli collapse
The lungs tendency to recoil has to be overcome during inspiration
Harder to fill lungs with air than saline as increased tension to overcome

23
Q

What does surfactant do

A

Reduces surface tension on alveoli so stop collapse

Also increase lung compliance and decrease tendency to recoil

24
Q

How is surface tension greater

A

Air water interface on wall of alveoli

25
Q

What is compliance

A

The change in volume of lung relative to change in pressure
STRETCH over elasticity
A higher lung volume = lungs stretched more so greater intrapleural pressure

26
Q

What does it mean if lung is high compliance

A

Large increase in volume for small decrease in intrapleural pressure (more air in)

27
Q

What occurs in disease

A

Emphysema = loss of elasticity so expiration needs effort

Fibrosis = increased inspiration as decreased compliance so lungs need to work

28
Q

What is obstructive lung disease

A

Air flow is obstructed and increased airway resistance
More on expiration as compression exaggerates
COPD / asthma

29
Q

What is restrictive lung disease

A

Loss of lung compliance which restrict expansion of lungs and volumes
Fibrosis / pneumothorax / pleural disease

30
Q

What is spirometry

A

Used to measure lung volume
FEV1 - FEV in 1s (4l) / FVC
Should be 80%

31
Q

What happens in obstruction

A

Air exhaled slower so total volume of air is reduced
FEV decreased more than FVC
Ratio reduced

32
Q

What happens in restrictive

A

Rate of air flow reduced
Total volume reduced due to limitations in expansion
Ratio often constant or increased as large volume can be exhaled in 1s
Not good to use if unwell as doesn’t show change

Respiratory (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions