Other infections

Question 1

When do you call a LRTI pneumonia

Answer 1

Signs = focal
Crepitations
High fever

Question 2

How do you treat LRTI

Answer 2

Hydration
Oxygen
Nutrition
Ax can be used if suspect bacterial

Question 3

When do you give Ax

Answer 3

If fever, cough, SOB >24 hours
Amoxicillin = 1st line
Oral macrolide
IV if vomit

Question 4

What is tracheitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of trachea

Often occurs with LRTI

Question 5

What causes

Answer 5

Staph.Aureus

Strep

Question 6

What are symptoms

Answer 6

Barking cough
Pain down chest when cough 
Stridor
Fever
VERY SICK

Question 7

How do you Rx

Answer 7

CO-amox Ax

Question 8

What is bronchitis

Answer 8

Very common endobronchial infection
Mucociliary escalator switched off
Infection on top of this so no Ax needed

Question 9

What causes

Answer 9

RSV
Adenovirus

2 infection
H. influenza
Pneumococcus

Question 10

What are the symptoms of bronchitis

Answer 10

Loose rattly cough (7-25 days)
URTI
Mucous brought up
Increased work of breathing due to narrow tube
Can be recurrent in winter due to exposed to virus

Question 11

What is not present in bronchitis

Answer 11

No wheeze

No crepitations

Question 12

How do you Dx

Answer 12

CXR and lungs normal

Question 13

How do Rx

Answer 13

Self-limitng

Question 14

What is bronchiolitis

Answer 14

Very common LRTI of infants

Question 15

What causes bronchiolitis

Answer 15

RSV
Para influenza
HMPV

Question 16

What are symptoms of bronchiolitis

Answer 16

Nasal stuffiness
Tachypnoea
Poor feed
Crackles
Wheeze
Reduced breath sounds
Bronchial breathing
NO FEVER 
Lasts 2 weeks, worse in first 5 days

Question 17

What investigations

Answer 17

O2 sats
NPA
No need for CXR / bloods

Question 18

How do you treat

Answer 18

Supportive

Question 19

What causes whooping cough

Answer 19

B pertussis

Droplet spread

Question 20

Symptoms

Answer 20

Starts as normal cold 
At day 7-14 develop
- Violent coughing fit
- Can turn blue
- Inspiratory whoop
- Vomit after 
Prolonged coughing can last >2 weeks-month

Young baby may present only with apnoea

Question 21

How do you Dx

Answer 21

Serology - PCR nasal / throat swab if <2 weeks

Need blood if >2 weeks

Question 22

How do you Rx

Answer 22

Macrolide Ax if Sx <3 weeks

- Erythromycin

Question 23

When are you infectious

Answer 23

First Sx until 3 week after cough

Question 24

What does blood show

Answer 24

Marked lymphocytosis

Question 25

What been introduced

Answer 25

Maternal immunisation