Ventilation and lung volume, gas transport... L5

Question 1

ventilation=

Answer 1

movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 2

minute volume

Answer 2

volume of ai entering and leaving the lungs each minute

Question 3

tidal volume

Answer 3

the volume of each breath

Question 4

vital capacity (VC)

Answer 4

the volume of maximum expiration following maximum inspiration

Question 5

how to calculate minute volume

Answer 5

respiratory rate x tidal volume

Question 6

residual volume=

Answer 6

the air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration

Question 7

why is alveolar ventilation less than pulmonary ventilation

Answer 7

because of dead space

Question 8

how can be measure ventilation

Answer 8

spirometry

Question 9

2 things that cannot be measured by spirometry

Answer 9

residual volume and functional residual capacity

Question 10

what illness causes increased Residual volume

Answer 10

emphysema

Question 11

FEV1=

Answer 11

forced expiratory volume in 1 second

Question 12

what can be expressed as a percentage with FEV1

Answer 12

FEV1/ FVC (forced vital capacity)

Question 13

PEFR=

Answer 13

peak expiratory flow rate

Question 14

how to measure airway obstruction?

Answer 14

PEFR

Question 15

what is the driving force of O2 into lungs and CO2 out

Answer 15

pressure gradient

Question 16

Measure of O2 in the blood (bound to Hb and dissolved)

Answer 16

CaO2

Question 17

Measure of O2 bound to Hb

Answer 17

SaO2

Question 18

3 ways CO2 is carried in the blood

Answer 18

Dissolved
As HCO3- (70%)
As carbamino compounds

Question 19

what is the formation of HCO3- increases by

Answer 19

carbonic anhydrase

Question 20

where is carbonic anhydrase not present

Answer 20

plasma

Question 21

structure of adult haemoglobin

Answer 21

2 alpha

2 beta chains

Question 22

what shifts the O2 dissocation curve to the right

Answer 22

increased CO2
increase temp
increase BPG
Increased H+

Question 23

what shifts the O2 dissocation curve to the left

Answer 23

decreased body temp
decreases CO2
increased pH
foetal Hb

Question 24

what does hyperventilation cause

Answer 24

low CO2 (hypocapnia) 
and alkalosis

Question 25

what does hypoventilation cause

Answer 25

high CO2 (hypercapnia) and acidosis

Question 26

diabetic ketoacidosis–>

Answer 26

acidosis

Question 27

renal failure–>

Answer 27

acidosis

Question 28

Vomiting–>

Answer 28

alkalosis

Question 29

dead space=

Answer 29

volume of lung not avalible for gas exchange

Question 30

anatomical dead space

Answer 30

due to normal non- exchanging parts of airways (nasopharynx, trachea ect)

Question 31

normal dead space

Answer 31

150ml

Question 32

physiological dead space

Answer 32

volume of alveoli that receive air but insufficient blood supply