Cardiac rhymth and electrocadiography L9 Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of cardiac cells

A

myocardial cells

conduction cells

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2
Q

what are myocardial cells for

A

generating pumping pressure to pump blood around the body

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3
Q

what are conduction cells for

A

rapidly spreading electrical signals to the myocardial cells

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4
Q

audtorhythmicity=

A

pacemaker cells can generate their own rhythm of action potentials that triggers contraction

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5
Q

what is the slow automatic depolarisation of pacemaker cells called

A

pacemaker potential

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6
Q

what does pace maker potential determine

A

rate of firing SAN

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7
Q

what is the intrinsic rate of SAN

A

70bpm

110-120bpm without vagus nerve

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8
Q

intrinsic rate of AVN=

A

50bpm

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9
Q

purkinje fibres rate of firing=

A

30-40bpm

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10
Q

What are SAN and AVN innervated by

A

both parasympathetic and sympathetic

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11
Q

what is the heart not SAN/AVA innervated by

A

poorly by the parasympathetic

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12
Q

what does adrenaline act on

A

beta 1 receptors

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13
Q

what effect does adrenaline have on SAN

A

positive chronotropic effect

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14
Q

what effect does adrenaline have on AVN

A

increase automaticity

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15
Q

effect of adrenaline on ventricular muscles

A

increase both automaticity and force

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16
Q

2 beta blocker s

A

propanolol

atenolol

17
Q

ECG=

A

electrocardiogram

18
Q

what is an ECG

A

recording electrical activity of the heart

19
Q

pattern of ECG=

A

P-QRS-T

20
Q

P =

A

atrial depolarisation

21
Q

QRS=

A

ventricle depolarisation

22
Q

T=

A

ventricular repolarisation

23
Q

Q=

A

inter-ventricular septum

24
Q

R=

A

the apex and free walls

25
Q

S=

A

regions near the base

26
Q

bradycardia=

A

<60bpm

27
Q

tachycardia=

A

> 100bpm

28
Q

what is the commonest arrhythmia

A

atrial fibrillation (AF)

29
Q

treatment of AF

A

beta blockers
anticoagulants
(used to be digoxin)

30
Q

what does digoxin do

A

blocks sodium-potassium ATPase

causes calcium build up greater force of contraction

31
Q

what is AF caused by

A

multiple re-entrant circuits sweeping around atrial myocardium (that occasionally hit SA node)

32
Q

what type of drug is digoxin

A

cardiac glycoside