Ventilation and gas exchange Flashcards
What is minute ventilation?
The volume of air expired in one minute
What is respiratory rate?
The frequency of breathing per minute.
What is alveolar ventilation?
The volume of air reaching the respiratory zone per minute
what is anatomical dead space?
The capacity of the airways incapable of undertaking gas exchange
What is alveolar dead space?
The capacity of the airways that should be able to undertake gas exchange but cannot (Hypoperfused alveoli).
What is physiological dead space?
Equivalent to the sum of alveolar and anatomical dead space
What is hypoventilation?
Deficient ventilation the lungs, unable to meet metabolic demands (Increased PCO2) - acidosis
What is hyperventilation?
Excessive ventilation of lungs atop of metabolic demand (reduced PCO2) - alkalosis
What is hyperpnoea?
Increased depth of breathing to meet metabolic demand
What is hypopnea?
Decreased depth of breathing (inadequate to meet metabolic demand)
What is apnoea?
Cessation of breathing
What is dyspnoea?
Difficulty in breathing
What is bradypnoea?
Abnormally small breathing rate
What is tachypnoea?
Abnormally fast breathing rate
What is orthopnea?
Position difficulty in breathing (when lying down)
What does respiratory volume mean?
Term used to describe the volume of air moved by or associated with the lungs at a given point within the respiratory cycle
What does tidal volume mean?
Volume of air that occupies the lungs during periods of quiet breathing (500ml)
What does expiratory reserve volume mean (ERV)?
Volume of air that can forcefully be exhaled succeeding normal tidal expiration
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
Produced from deep inhalation, past tidal inspiration. This is the additional volume that is drawn into the lungs through forced inspiration.
What is residual volume?
The volume of air present in lungs upon maximum exhalation. The residual asset with breathing ability by preventing alveoli collapse
What is respiratory capacity?
Combination of 2+ selected volumes
What is total lung capacity?
Sum of all lung volumes (TV, ERV, IRV, and RV), represents the total amount of air that can occupy the lungs upon a forceful inhalation
What is the inspiratory capacity (IV)?
Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled past a normal tidal expiration
What is functional residual capacity?
Amount of air that remains in the lung after normal tidal expiration
FRC = Residual volume + expiratory reserve volume