Genitourinary system Flashcards
What is the outer region of the kidney?
The cortex
What is the inner region of the kidney?
Renal medulla
What is located within the renal medulla?
Renal pyramids separated by renal columns
What does a renal pyramid produce?
Urine
Where does the urine from the renal pyramid terminate into?
Renal papilla
The Renal papilla drains urine into what?
Minor calyx
Multiple minor calyces drain into what?
Major calyx
What do major calyces drain into?
Ureter
What are the 5 main functions of the kidney?
1) Excretion: Excretion of metabolic products; urea; uric acid and creatine
2) Excretion of foreign substances e.g drugs
3) Homeostasis of body fluids,electrolytes and acid-base balance
4) Regulation of blood pressure
5) Secretion of hormones e.g renin and erythropoietin
How is blood pressure regulated by the kidney?
Function to control blood pressure through the production of renin by the juxta-glomeruluar cells
Which hormone secreted by the kidney regulates erythropoiesis?
Erythropoetin
Which enzyme catalyses the secondary hydroxylation of vitamin d?
1-alpha-hydroxylase
which artery does the afferent arteriole arise from?
Interlobular artery
Which artery does the glomerular capillaries arise from?
Afferent arteriole
Which vessels does the efferent arteriole arise from?
Glomerular capillaries
Which arteriole does the peritubular capillaries arise from?
Efferent arteriole
What is the main blood supply to the kidney?
Renal artery
What is the main blood outflow of the kidney?
Renal vein
What are the three main processes of the nephron?
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Which artery distributes blood towards the glomerulus?
Afferent arteriole
Where does ultrafiltration occur within the kidney?
Bowmans capsule
What does the Bowmanโs capsule produce?
Filtrate
Which network of capillaries are enclosed within the bowman capsule?
Glomerulus
Where is the filtrate reabsorbed within the kidney?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule