Central nervous system Flashcards
What forms the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
What is the function of the brain?
Where afferent neurones are processed and a complete response is co-ordinated through efferent descending tract of neurones
What are the three distinct areas of the brain?
Forebrain, mid brain and hind brain
What is the forebrain?
Cerebral hemispheres. and diencephalon
What is the hindbrain?
Cerebellum, pons and medulla
What forms grey matter?
Cell bodies
What forms white matter?
Nerve fibres (myelinated neurones)
Which tracts decussate at the medulla as they leave the brain?
Dorsal columns
Corticobulbar
Corticospinal
What separates the cerebrum into two cerebral hemispheres?
Longitudinal fissure
What is the cerebral cortex?
Represents the outer layer of the cerebrum, consists entirely of grey matter- cell bodies, dendrites and synapses
What connects the two cerebral hemispheres together?
Corpus callosum (white matter)
What are the four main lobes of the cerebral hemispheres?
Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
What is the frontal lobe associated with?
Higher brain functions - emotional responses, planning, reasoning and decision making
Regulating and initiating motor function, language, attention and memory
What is the parietal lobe associated with?
Sensation (touch, pain), understanding spatial orientation and cognition. Sensory aspects of language
What is the occipital lobe associated with?
Controls range of visual functions: shape recognition and colour vision
What is the temporal lobe associated with?
Vision, memory, language, and comprehension
Processing auditory function
What is the limbic lobe associated with?
Amygdala, hippocampus, mamillary body and cingulate gyrus
What is the function of the hippocampus?
Responsible for the consolidation of learning from short term to long term
What is the mammillary body associated with?
Recollective memory
what is the limbic system concerned with?
Memory, emotion, motivation, reward and learning
Where is the insular cortex located?
Located in each cerebral hemisphere, deep within the lateral sulcus
What is the lateral sulcus?
Tissue separating the temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobes
What is the insular cortex associated with?
Visceral sensations, autonomic control, interoception, auditory processing and visual-vestibular integration
What is visual vestibular integration?
Balance of eye movements