Ventilation Flashcards
Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation
Airway pressure is maintained above atmospheric pressure allowing passive expiration
Positive end-expiratory pressure
Positive pressure is maintained between each breath and is delivered by a ventilator. Airway pressure doesn’t return to zero at the end of each expiration
Continuous positive airway pressure
Airway pressure is maintained above atmospheric pressure during spontaneous ventilation
Intermittent mandatory ventilation
Used to wean patients off a ventilator. Patients are allowed to breathe spontaneously with some intermittent breaths provided by the ventilator
Anatomical Dead Space
The volume of the respiratory tract where no gaseous exchange occurs (from the nares to the bronchioles)
Apparatus Dead Space
Extension of the anatomical dead space associated with apparatus (ETT which extend past the nares or long breathing system)
Alveolar Dead Space
The volume of alveoli not taking part in effective gas exchange (alveoli that are ventilated but not perfused)
Physiological Dead Space
The sum of the alveolar dead space and anatomical dead space
Compliance
The measure of the distensibility of the lungs and restriction to expansion imposed by the surrounding structures
Resistance
The pressure difference per unit flow across the airway
Cycling Method
Predetermined tidal volume on inspiration, inspiratory time, pressure (not good for stiff lungs), flow (not common)
Inspiratory phase gas control
Predetermined volume or pressure
Power Source
Electric/pneumatic power source
Method of Operation
inspiration by using bellows (lung compliance may change flow)
Inspiration is produced via a piston (pressures may vary greatly)
Penlon Nuffield Ventilator
used with IPPV breathing systems
inspiratory and expiratory times are set
time and flow determines TV
newton valve for <10kg
will continue cycling when disconnected
high flows of O2
