Other

Question 1

Cause: conception

Clinical signs: dehydration, acidosis, hypercapnia, pain, exhaustion, hypothermia, shock, sepsis, changes in venous return

Concerns: bloods prior, preoxygenation, aortic and vena cava compression in dorsal, IVFT/boluses, increased O2 demand, aspiration risk, glucose levels, low pressures/volume if ventilating

Drug interactions: Low dose drugs, NO ACP, confident epidural, calcium, NO BUP,

Answer 1

Pregnancy

Question 2

Cause: < 6months

Clinical Signs: immature cardiovascular system, sympathetic system and renal and hepatic function

Concerns: dehydration, hypothermia, lung collapse, RR, HR, BP, hypoglycaemia, accurate weight, preoxygenate, CARE IVFT

Drug Interactions: drug redistribution (low body fat), low dosing, NO parasympatholytics, NO HR lowering meds (alpha-2s), care with Propofol (hypoalbuminemia), may not react to BP drugs, MAYBE meth, Benzos good, CARE local

Answer 2

Paediatrics

Question 3

Cause: time

Clinical signs: senile, decreased thermoregulatory, weakened response of baroreceptor and chemoreceptors, blind/deaf, decreased parasympathetic, arrhythmias, bad kidney function, endocrine function impaired,

Concerns: BP (low Cardiac output), IVFT, decrease ventilatory reserve, regurge risk, positioning,

Drug reactions: increased NMBA sensitivity, IM not as affective, low dosing, multimodal anaesthesia and analgesia, sedation on recovery (delirium)

Answer 3

Geriatric

Question 4

Cause: gas filled stomach

Clinical Signs: Bloating, compression of blood supply, obstructive shock, acid base and electrolyte disturbances,

Concerns: deflate pre anaesthesia, ventilation, blood testing, hypovolaemia, regurge, ventilation, ICU nursing post op 24hrs, hypotension

Drug Interactions: opioid only premed, fent or midaz if CV depression severe, multimodal anaesthesia, NO Nitrous, lidocaine for arrhythmias

Answer 4

GDV

Question 5

Cause: infection

Clinical Signs: cardiovascular depression, depressed mentation, high HR, low blood pressure, hyperthermia/hypothermia, high (or low) blood glucose and high lactate levels (cats may be bradycardic and hypothermic!)

Concerns: pain, oxygenation, hypotension

Drug interactions: fent and midaz induction, opioid only pre-med, multimodal anaesthesia,

Answer 5

Septic

Question 6

Cause:

Clinical signs:

Concerns: unable to examine, safety,

Drug interactions: IM only, Large drug doses (high catecholamines)

Answer 6

Aggression