- 2 separate occasions - Most common risk for CVD - Higher risk for CVD

- Disease of heart muscle, malfunction, inability to pump enough blood

Ventilation Flashcards by Julianna Reid

WATSON says:

Ventilation of feelings is just as important as oxygen and blood supply

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Isolated systolic BP

systolic above 140, diastolic below 90

High risk = Inflamed variscocities

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Etiology -> Cardiovascular

Arterial wall thickening + stiffening
Decreased compliance
left-side hypertrophy
Sclerosis of M and A valves
Strong art pulse, weak peripheral

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At rest CV

No change in hr or CO

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Under stress/exercise CV

Decrease maximal hr and co
Fatigue, SOB
Slow recovery from tachycardia

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Cardiovascular disease

Disease effecting circ. system
Leading cause of death
2nd most cause of disability
Primary LTC diagnosis

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`Hypertension

2 separate occasions
Most common risk for CVD
Higher risk for CVD

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Modifiable risk factors CV

Tobacco use
Excessive alcohol use
Sedentary
Stress + anger mismanagement
high Na and fat

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Coronary Heart disease

Blockage of vessels that supply the heart (arteriosclerosis)

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Silent myocardial infarction

Mild discomfort
localized to back
heartburn
nausea

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Heart failure

Disease of heart muscle, malfunction, inability to pump enough blood

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Changes in pulmonary system - Etiology

Decrease resp muscle strength, stiffer chest and reduced compliance
Diminished ciliary and macrophage activity, drier mucous memb, diminished cough reflex
Decrease response to hypoxia and hypercapnia

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With exertion Pulm.

Dyspnea, decreased activity tolerance

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Respiratory rate

12-24 bpm

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Respiratory disorders

Infectious: Obstructive/restrictive
Acute
Chronic

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COPD

Asthma, bronchitis, emphysema

- Affect airflow

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Acute episode of COPD

Sig, worsened dyspnea

- Increased volume/change colour sputum

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TB infection vs disease

Infection: Positive skin test, no evidence of disease\
Disease: Positive acid-fast smear, radiographic/clinical presentation

Self-report

Person verbally (or written) responds to direct questions

Report-by-proxy

Info obtained indirectly

used for impaired cognition
Tend to underestimate abilities and health

Observation

Nurse collects observed data

Accurate
ONLY SNAPSHOT

When should you collect data?

Pt is at best if possible

What does social history include?

Living, economic resources, support, food

FANSCAPES

Fluids
Aeration
Nutrition
Communication
Activity
Pain
elimination
socialization

Functional assessment

More broad - Specific changes/ services needed IADL's and ADL's

IADL vs ADL

IADL is instrumental, things to lie independently. (shopping, cleaning etc) More difficult tasks

Barthel Index

Measures amount of physical assistance needed to help with ADL's

FIM

Functional Independence measure

Assessment for delerium/dementia

Mini-cog

Mocha

Mild cognition impairment- dementia, alzheimers etc.

Environmental assessments are especially important for...

Those with cog. impairments, immobility, vision/hearing impairments, fall risks

SPICES

``` Sleep disorders Problems eating Incontinence Confusion Evidence of falls ** Integrated assessments ```

Comorbid

disease of another pathological process that occurs simultaneously with another

Signs of heart failure

Dyspnea, making up in the night gasping, lower extremities swelling

Interventions for Heart failure

Relief of symptoms, improve quality of life, reduce mortality and morbidity - Stop/slow progression with aggressive medication

Obstructive

Prevent airflow out because of obstruction or narrowing

Restrictive

Decrease in total lung capacity because of limited expansion

Emphysema

Little sputum, appear pink

Bronchitis

Lots of sputum, cyanosis

asthma

SOB and wheezing

Pneumonia

- Mistaken for COPD - High risk due to age related changes - Lower resp. infection, inflamed tissue - Vaccine or effective treatment

What is TB

- communicable disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis - can be reactivated with immunocompribility - REPORTABLE

Influenza

- #1 DEATHS over 65 - Vaccine best defense - Early detection