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Health and Healing II - Older Adults > Food and Fluid > Flashcards

Food and Fluid Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Elimination

A

Easy passage of feces without straining or incomplete evacuation

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2
Q

Constipation Reflects…

A

Poor habits
Postponed passage
Meds
Colonic dysmotility/CNS lesions

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3
Q

Constipation leads to:

A

Impaired sensation, need for high volume to stimulate

Megacolon

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4
Q

Valsalva’s maneuver can lead to

A

Transient ischemic attacks

Syncope

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5
Q

Why suppositories don’t work

A

Their action is blocked by size and volume of stool

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6
Q

Who is at risk for constipation?

A
  • Hypotonic colon function
  • Immobile
  • Impaired cognition
  • Those with CNS lesions
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7
Q

Signs of constipation

A
  • may not be infrequency
  • Straining
  • Incomplete defecation
  • Hard lumpy stool
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8
Q

Medications likely to cause constipation

A

1) CNS regulation
2) Nerve conduction
3) Smooth muscle function

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9
Q

Non Pharm. interventions for constipation

A
  • Fluid/fibre reg
  • Exercise
  • Environmental manipulation
  • Combo
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10
Q

When is fibre not advised?

A

suspicion of megacolon ore colonic dilation

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11
Q

When are laxatives used?

A

Diet and lifestyle are not effective

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12
Q

Gastro-colic reflex

A

Occurs ofter meals, can be enhanced by a warm drink

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13
Q

Feeding tube positioning

A

Head of bed>30 degrees, up to 30min after eating

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14
Q

How much should those 85+ drink?

A

1500=2000ml/day

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15
Q

What is used to indicate dehydration?

A

Elevated serum osmolality

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16
Q

Common reason for hydration in OA

A

Decreased thirst and increased fluid loss

17
Q

D E H Y D R A T I O N

A 
Drugs
End of life
High fever
Yellow urine turns dark
Reduced oral intake
Axilla dry
Tachycardia
Incontinence (fear of)
Oral problems
Neurological impairment
Sunken eyes
18
Q

General rule of fluid replacement

A

Return 50% in 12hr

19
Q

What is micturition?

A

Urination

20
Q

Transient incontinence

A

Acute, sudden onset, <6 months, usually due to treatable causes

21
Q

Urge incontinence

A

Overactive bladder. Felt soon after urge, inability to suppress, sudden.

22
Q

Stress incontinence

A

Outlet. Involuntary loss of 50ml during actions that cause intra-abdominal pressure

23
Q

Urge/stress with high postvoid residual incontinence

A

When bladder does not empty normally and becomes over distended

24
Q

Functional incontinence

A

Lower urinary tract is intact but the individual is unable to reach a toilet bc of environmental barriers, physical limitations, severe cog. impairment

25
Q

Mixed incontinence

A

Combo

Usually stress + urge

26
Q

Behavioural Interventions for incontinence

A 
Scheduled voiding
Prompted voiding
Bladder training
Biofeedback
Vaginal weight training
pelvic floor ex.
27
Q

Lifestyle changes for incontinence

A 
Dietary actions
Weight reduction
Smoking cessation
Bowel management
Physical gravity
28
Q

Absorbent products

A

Protective undergarment
Adult briefs
Used in addition to toileting regimes

29
Q

External catheters

A

Used for males with incontinence, can’t be toileted

30
Q

intermittent catheterizations

A

Used with persons with urinary retention due to diabetic neuropathy, blockage, reflex incontinence

31
Q

Fecal incontinence

A

continuous or recurrent uncontrolled passage of fecal material for at least one month

32
Q

FANSCAPES

A 
* Used for assessing frail older persons
Fluids
Aeration
Nutrition
Communication
Activity
Pain
Elimination
Socialization
33
Q

Environmental and safety assessment

A

1) Potential and status of dangers
2) Suggestions or opportunities for reducing dangers
3) fires, poisoning, fires, temp

34
Q

SPICES

A 
Overall assessment
Sleep disorders
Problems with eating/feeding
Incontinence
Confusion
Evidence of falls
Skin breakdown
35
Q

Bulking agents

A
  • first used
  • Absorb water, bulk stool
  • don’t use with obstruction or compromised peristalsis
36
Q

Stool softeners

A
  • Lubricate & soften
  • Limited to persons experiencing straining, painful def, high risk
  • little effect with those who are immobile
37
Q

Osmotic/saline laxatives

A
  • increase in intraluminary pressure/volume
    Stimulate motility
  • Added if bulk isn’t effective
    Effective for those on opiates
  • DON”T USE for those with poor renal/heart function
38
Q

Stimulant laxatives

A

Stimulate nervus plexus

  • Cause rythmic contractions
  • Effective for those. using opiates
  • Should not be used with obstruction

Health and Healing II - Older Adults (17 decks)

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