Mental Health and Wellness in Later Life Flashcards

1
Q

Delusion

A

A fixed, false belief

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2
Q

Dysthmia

A

2+ years of depressed mood for more days than not, with more depressive symptoms not aligning with a major depressive episode

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3
Q

Illusion

A

Misinterpretation of a real experience

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4
Q

Insight

A

Recognition one has a health problem or illness

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5
Q

Mood

A

A person’s internal, self-reported emotional state

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6
Q

Paranoia

A

An intense and strongly defended irrational suspicion

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7
Q

Mental Health

A

A state of wellbeing in which every individual realizes their own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, able to contribute to community

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8
Q

Components of an MSE

A

Mental Status Examination

Appearance, behaviour, affect, mood, speech, language etc.

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9
Q

Most common anxiety disorders in older persons

A

Generalized anxiety disorder and specific phobias

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10
Q

Symptoms of GAD

A

Unwarranted worries, feelings of apprehension, restlessness, on edge, fatigue that develops readily, difficulty concentrating

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11
Q

Phobia

A

Unrealistic or irrational fear that interferes with a persons life

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12
Q

Anxiety - Non pharm interventions

A

Family support, community resources and therapists, support groups, provision of information

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13
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive disorder

A

Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are repetitive and purposeful; and by intentional ritualistic behaviour

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14
Q

PTSD

A

Development of symptoms after a traumatic event

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15
Q

Psychosis

A

Syndrome or constellation of psychiatric symptoms that occurs in a number of physical and mental disorders

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16
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Severe mental disorder characterized by two or more of the following symptoms:

Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized thinking
Apathy

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17
Q

Bipolar Disorder and Mania

A

Periods of mania and depression, often level out later in life

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18
Q

Age related changes

Etiology

A

Decrease in neurons and neurotransmitters

Modifications in cerebral dendrites, glial support cells, synapses

Compromised thermoregulation

19
Q

Age related changes

Implications

A

Impaired muscle strength, deep tendon reflexes

Slowed motor skills, balance and coordination

Decreased temp sensitivity

Slowed processing

20
Q

What is cognition

A

Process of acquiring, storing, sharing and using information

Includes language, thought, memory, executive function, judgement, attention and perceptions

21
Q

3 D’s

A

Delirium, dementia, depression

22
Q

Which is the only irreversible D?

A

Dementia

23
Q

Delirium is characterized by

A
  • Sometimes they may altered LOC
  • Sometimes they may have no interest in eating
  • They have forms of delusions or they hallucinate
24
Q

What causes delirium?

A
Any for of pathology
Alcohol withdrawal
Trauma
Antibiotics
Infection
medication
25
Q

How do nurses assess for delirium?

A

Urinary test

26
Q

Patients who experience delirium are at greater risk for

A

Longer hospitalization

Further functional decline

Institutionalism

27
Q

Interventions For delerium

A

Keep calm
Routine
Don’t feed into the delusion
Be conscious of body movement

28
Q

Primary Dementia

A

Progressive disorders caused by pathological conditions of the brain

29
Q

Secondary

A

Produce pathological conditions of the brain

30
Q

Examples of Primary Progressive Dementias

A
Alzheimer's
Fronto-temporal 
Lewy bodies
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
Huntington's
31
Q

Common Secondary Dementias

A
Parkinsons
Alcohol-associated
HIV
Post-stroke
Post Anoxic Ecephalopathy
32
Q

Medications should _____ be the first or even second line of response

A

NOt

33
Q

Understand that behavioural expressions communicate

A

Distress

34
Q

Wandering

A

can lead to falls. elopement, disturbances in care routines

Can be predicted through observation

35
Q

Prevalence: Depression

A

In hospitals: 12-45%

In LTC: as high as 45%

36
Q

Onset

A

Delirium: Acute, often at twilight

Dementia: Slow and gradual

Depression: Rapid, coincides with life changes

37
Q

Progression

A

Delirium: Abrupt

Dementia: Slow but even

Depression: Variable & uneven

38
Q

Duration

A

Delirium: Hours-days, seldom 1 month

Dementia: Months to years

Depression: At least 2wks, can be months to yrs

39
Q

Speech

A

Delirium: Incoherent, disorganized

Dementia: Aphasic, words difficult to find

Depression: Normal

40
Q

Attention

A

Delirium: Impaired, fluctuates

Dementia: Generally normal, present in late stages

Depression: Distractible

41
Q

Orientation

A

delirium: Impaired, fluctuates

Dementia: Impaired

Depression: Selective

42
Q

Thinking

A

Delirium: Disorganize, fragmented

Dementia: Memory impaired, no abstraction

Depression: Intact with themes of hopelessness

43
Q

LOC

A

Delirium: Altered, fluctuates

Dementia: Not altered

Depression: Not altered