Psychosocial needs; changes in sensory

Question 1

Drusen

Answer 1

Yellow deposits under retina

Found in those 60+

Question 2

Funduscopy

Answer 2

Examination of the fundus of the eye

• using opthalmoscope

Question 3

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Answer 3

Decreased tear production with age

Dry eyes

Question 4

Lipofuscin

Answer 4

Fatty brown pigment

Liver, retina, kidneys, adrenals etc

Question 5

Prelingual Deafness

Answer 5

Deafness that occurs before the acquisition of spoken language

Question 6

Tonomotry

Answer 6

Procedure used by eye care professionals to determine interocular pressure

Question 7

Xerophthalmia

Answer 7

Itchy eyes

Question 8

Schirmer’s test

Answer 8

Filter paper strips are placed under the lower eyelid to measure rate of tear production

Question 9

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca: Interventions

Answer 9

• Artificial tears
• keeping the air in living environment moist with humidifiers
• Avoiding wind and the use of hairdryers
• Tear oitments

Question 10

Blindness _______ mean full vision loss

Answer 10

Does not mean!!

Question 11

Glaucoma

Answer 11

• Natural fluids of the eye are blocked by ciliary muscle rigidity
• Gradual buildup of intraocular pressure
• Optic nerve damage

Question 12

Normal IOP

Answer 12

12mm Hg and 22 mm Hg

Question 13

Risk factors: Glaucoma

Answer 13

• AGE!!
• diabetes
• Steroid use
• Past eye injuries
• Family history

Question 14

Primary open-angle glaucoma

Answer 14

Accounts for 80%

Asymptomatic until late

Vision loss is irreversible, can be caught and treated early

Headaches, poor vision in dim lighting, increased sensitivity to glare, tired eyes, impaired peripheral, fixed and dilated pupil, frequent changes in prescriptions

Question 15

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

Answer 15

Rapid rise in IOP

Redness and acute pain around eye

Severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision

Caused by blocked path of aqueous humour

Blindness can occur in two days if untreated

Question 16

Acute angle-closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Answer 16

Iridectomy

Surgical removal of part of the iris that relieves pressure

Question 17

Acute angel-closure glaucoma: risk factors

Answer 17

Female, increased age, inuit or asian ethnicity, short anterior chamber, shorter axial length

Question 18

Low-tension or normal-tension glaucoma

Answer 18

IOP is normal range

Damage to Optic nerve and narrowing of visual fields

Question 19

Low/normal-tension glaucoma: risk factors

Answer 19

Family history, japanese ancestry, CVD

Question 20

Assessment: Glaucoma

Answer 20

• Family history
• annual eye exams (65+)
• Those with med-controlled glaucoma every 6 months

-Dilated eye exam and tonometry

Question 21

Cataracts

Answer 21

Caused by oxidative damage to lens protein by fatty deposits in the ocular lens (lipofuscin)

Can occur earlier in those “exposed to excessive sunlight or who have poor dietary habits, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, previous eye trauma, or a history of alcohol and tobacco use.”

can occur after eye surgery

Question 22

Assessment: Cataracts

Answer 22

• Recognized by clouding of ocular lense
• Appearance of halos around objects
• Yellow tint to things

Question 23

Interventions: Cataracts

Answer 23

• When visual acuity decreases to 20/50
• Surgical removal of the lense and placement of a plastic intraocular lense
• Done one eye at a time

Question 24

Sign of a detached retina

Answer 24

Curtain coming down over the person’s line of vision

Question 25

Macular Degeneration

Answer 25

• Affects the macula
• Causes a progressive loss of central vision
• Usually starts in one eye
• Caused by systemic changes in circulation, accumulation of cell waste, tissue atrophy etc.

Question 26

Dry AMD

Answer 26

• More common
• Three stages
• Light-sensitive cells in macula slowly break down and cause blurring in the central vision of the affected eye
• Presence of drusen

Question 27

Wet AMD

Answer 27

• Abnormal bv grow under the macula and leak fluid or blood, raising the macula from its normal place
• Light-sensing cells die

Question 28

Assessment: AMD

Answer 28

• No cure
• screening, early detection, and prevention
• check eyes daily using Amsler grid

Question 29

Amsler grid

Answer 29

Used to determine clarity of central vision

• Perception of wavy line

Question 30

Interventions: AMD

Answer 30

• Photodynamic therapy
• Laser photocoagulation
• ## Medications that prevent vascular endothelial growth

Question 31

Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 31

• Effects of elevated blood sugar due to diabetes
• Disease of retinal
  microvasculature
• Increased vessel permeability
• Macular edema and hard exudate

Question 32

Assessment: Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 32

little to no evidence of retinopathy until 3 to 5 years or more after the onset of diabetes.

Early signs, which include microaneurysms, flame-shaped hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, hard exudates, and dilated capillaries, can be seen through funduscopy.

Question 33

Interventions: Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 33

• Continous, strict control of blood glucose, cholesterol, BP, laser photocoagulation

Question 34

Tinnitus

Answer 34

• Perception of sound with no stimuli
• Ringing in the ear
• Worse at night/ in the quiet
• Generally increases over time
• Can be caused by noise damage, excessive cerumen, obstructions of the auditory canal, disorders of cervical vertebrae of TM joint, allergies, underactie thyroid

Question 35

Assessment: Tinnitus

Answer 35

• May be subjective or objective

- Tinnitus handicap questionnare/tinnitus functional index

Question 36

Interventions: Tinnitus

Answer 36

• Hearing aids
• Device that combines the features of a masker and a hearing aid
• lifestyle changes

Question 37

Prelingual deafness

Answer 37

• Many older people with prelingual deafness will have had an entirely different childhood
• Those who depend on visual cues may have impaired communication with vision loss
• ## reading and writing may be impaired