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Nursing 2 > Venous Insufficieny > Flashcards

Venous Insufficieny Flashcards

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1
Q

Venous Pathophysiology

A

weak valves>low venous return>inc vein pressure

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2
Q

venous valves purpose

A

prevent deoxy blood backflow, keep moving to heart

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3
Q

thrombus formation

A

clump, clotting, coagulation cascade, stop bleeding

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4
Q

venous pressure: 3 symptoms

A

edema, venous ulcers, venous dermatitis

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5
Q

venous ulcers interventions

A

elevate, compression, exercise

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6
Q

brown skin color due to

A

iron seeping thru veins

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7
Q

venous ulcers: 3 characteristics

A

superficial, pink, uneven edges, above ankle

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8
Q

why venous ulcer superficial vs arterial ulcer

A

arterial necrosis, dead tissue, deeper wound

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9
Q

peripheral venous disease pulses

A

normal, no problem with oxy in tissues +2

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10
Q

venous insufficiency pain

A

ache, cramp, dull b/c water congestion vs artery sharp

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11
Q

venous peripheral disease skin appearance

A

edema, think, tough, brawny

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12
Q

how to promote venous circulation

A

exercise, intermittent compression therapy

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13
Q

calf function

A

act as pump for blood, contract push blood to heart

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14
Q

obese patient, postsurgical wear compression socks

A

always

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15
Q

VTE venous thromboembolism aka

A

DVT deep vein thrombosis

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16
Q

DVT description

A

blood clot in venous system usually lower extremity

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17
Q

Virchow’s triad 3 causes thrombosis formation

A

statis of blood, injury to vessel, hypercoagulation

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18
Q

injury to blood vessels include

A

smoking, trauma

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19
Q

coagulation purpose

A

platelets form together to clot and stop bleeding

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20
Q

pregnancy risk factor DVT

A

uterus presses against IVC, inc in clotting factors

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21
Q

atrial fibrillation risk factor DVT

A

artery not contracting regular, blood static>clot

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22
Q

Homan’s sign

A

calf pain on dorsiflexion of foot when raised

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23
Q

DVT clinical manifestations

A

unilateral pain, swell/warm extremity, inc calf size

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24
Q

clot care

A

bed rest, ambulate can dislodge clot, no compression

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25
Q

DVT primary cause

A

prolonged sitting, crossed legs

26
Q

DVT diagnostics: Lab

A

CBC, D-dimer

27
Q

DVT diagnostics: Non-invasive

A

venous-duplex ultrasound, sound waves show vein

28
Q

DVT diagnostics: Invasive

A

contrast venography, computed tomography

29
Q

contrast venography

A

dye injected in vein>xray>slow blood move>clot

30
Q

computed tomography venography

A

images used for pulmonary embolism (PE)

31
Q

DVT treatment

A

anticoagulant or thrombolytic therapy, greenfield filter

32
Q

greenfield or IVC filter

A

vascular filter placed in IVC to prevent PE

33
Q

thrombolytic therapy tPA purpose

A

dissolve, break clot, done in ICU, only on large clot

34
Q

anticoagulant meds DVT: 2 types heparin

A

unfractionated heparin (Heparin), LMWH (Lovenox)

35
Q

unfractionated heparin (UFH) aka Heparin

A

fast acting w/ antithrombin IIa: prevent clot formation

36
Q

Heparin care

A

monitor aPTT, IV, 2 RNs verify, bolus then drip

37
Q

Heparin solution

A

25,000 units in 250 mL D5W

38
Q

heparin role

A

prophylactic doesn’t break clot

39
Q

thrombus vs thrombosis

A

thrombus-healthy response to injury to prevent bleeding, thrombosis- clotting in healthy blood vessel

40
Q

embolism

A

dislodgment of thrombus, travel via blood thru body

41
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

thrombus lodges in pulmonary artery

42
Q

heparin or LMWH given at home?

A

no

43
Q

aPTT definition

A

activated partial thromboplastin time, how long for blood to clot

44
Q

aPTT purpose, range

A

lab value for Heparin patient. normal 25-35 seconds

45
Q

aPTT = PTT for DVT patient time goal

A

1.5 to 2.5 times PTT control value/normal 50-90 sec

46
Q

aPTT low, less than 50 seconds means

A

blood clot too fast, heparin goal to prevent clot

47
Q

aPTT high, over 90 seconds

A

clotting too slow, if injured do need to clot/stop bleed

48
Q

Heparin complications: 2

A

bleeding, HIT (Heparin induced thrombocytopenia)

49
Q

HIT Heparin induced thrombocytopenia definition

A

low platelet count and thombosis

50
Q

HIT Heparin induced thrombocytopenia timing

A

6-14 days after start of Heparin - immune disorder

51
Q

clot dissolution in healthy blood vessel

A

plasmin a clot dissolving enzyme is released

52
Q

3 types venous clots

A

superficial venous thrombosis, DVT, PE

53
Q

warfarin (coumadin) antagonists/antidote

A

vit K and fresh frozen plasma (clotting factors) stop bleeding faster than vit K which takes a few days

54
Q

warfarin timing

A

3-5 days, long term maintenance

55
Q

warfarin action

A

inhibit synthesis of vit K dependent clotting factors in liver

56
Q

warfarin/coumadin labs

A

PT prothrombin time test and INR a ratio of PT

57
Q

PT prothrombin time test is

A

prothrombin protein produced by liver to form clot, INR shows effectiveness of warfarin med.

58
Q

PT/INR preoperative because

A

shows ability to clot prior to surgery

59
Q

INR range

A

normal, health 1.0, warfarin patient 2.0-3.0, stop heparin or LWMH when target range met

60
Q

INR range meaning

A

2.0-3.0 heparin patient clotting appropriate time. above 3.0 clotting too slow for hep patient, below 2 too fast

61
Q

heparin antagonist/reversal agent

A

protamine sulfate

62
Q

warfarin/coumadin reversal agents

A

vit K, and FFP

Nursing 2 (9 decks)

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