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Nursing 2 > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

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1
Q

located in the carotids and aorta, sense pressure changes in arterial wall, send impulses via sympathetic motor center

A

baroreceptors, regulate BP

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2
Q

produces vasoactive substances to maintain low arterial tone, contraction and relaxation

A

vascular endothelium

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3
Q

thin membrane that lines inside of heart and blood vessels

A

endothelium

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4
Q

hormone system that regulates BP, fluid and electroylte balance, sodium excretion, ECF volume

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system RAAS

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5
Q

low BP or sympathetic nervous system trigger kidneys to release

A

renin, an enzyme

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6
Q

RAAS progression

A

kidney>renin, liver>angiotensin>AT I formed>angiotensin converting enzyme ACE>AT II forme>aldostrone released by adrenal glands>vasoconstriction>Na+ and water retention>inc BP

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7
Q

hormones made at site of damage, infection that can help inflame/clot contract blood vessels to aid healing but after healing can vasodilate

A

prostaglandin

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8
Q

endocrine sys and BP: 3 sources

A

adrenal medulla - epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenal cortex - aldosterone
posterior pituitary gland - ADH

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9
Q

BP normal

A

119/79 or less

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10
Q

BP prehypertension

A

begin 120/80

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11
Q

hypertension stage 1

A

begin 140/90

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12
Q

hypertension stage 2

A

begin 160/100

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13
Q

isolated systolic hypertension

A

SBP over 140 and DBP less than 90

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14
Q

primary or idiopathic hypertension cause

A

unknown cause 90-95% all cases

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15
Q

elevated BP with a specific cause

A

secondary hypertension

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16
Q

secondary BP causes

A

diabetes, cushing’s, thyroid

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17
Q

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

A

left ventricle ejects oxy blood through aorta against systemic pressure

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18
Q

high BP or vasoconstriction and SVR

A

SVR increases as pressure to eject blood into circulation faces increased resistance

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19
Q

peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)

A

right ventricle ejects deoxy blood into pulmonary artery against pulmonary pressure

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20
Q

BP calculation

A

BP = CO X PVR

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21
Q

cardiac output (CO) calculation

A

CO = SV X HR

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22
Q

CO cardiac output definition

A

volume of blood being pumped by heart in one minute

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23
Q

stroke volume (SV)

A

amount of blood pumped out of ventricles per beat

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24
Q

alpha and beta drugs ABCD

A

alpha always constrict, beta always dilate

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25
alpha, beta targets 1 and 2
1 is the heart (only 1 heart) 2 is the lungs (2 lungs)
26
drug with beta 1 properties will
dilate the heart
27
drug with beta 2 properties will
act on lungs (2 lungs) and dilate
28
HTN diagnostics
urinalysis, BUN and creatinine, GFR, lipid profile, uric acid
29
ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)
non-invasive, 24 hour so incorporates daily life, measure BP at preset intervals
30
DASH diet
fruits, veggies, whole grains, fish, poultry
31
losartan drug type
ARB - angiotensin receptor blocker
32
thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ) effects
diuretic and vasodilation, urinate out K+, retains uric acid
33
loop diuretic (furosemide)
diuretic and vasodilation, urinate out K+, but doesn't retain uric acid
34
thiazide and loop diuretics: K+
increase potassium intake b/c urinate out K+
35
thiazide diuretics and calcium
retain Ca+ so good for elderly, osteoporosis
36
loop diuretics and calcium
excrete calcium
37
hypocalcemia symptoms
Ca+ directly related to muscle action, so cramping, muscle weakness, spasms, tingling lips and fingers
38
K+ Sparing diuretic (spironolactone) K+
retain potassium, avoid K+ foods
39
antihypertensive diuretic side effects
hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, dehydration, orthostatic hypotension
40
antihypertensive diuretics: 3 types
thiazide, loop, K+ Sparing
41
antihypertensive angiotensin: 2 types
ACEI- angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors | ARB- angiotensin receptor blockers
42
ACEI (ends in "pril") side effects
ACEI persistent cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, renal insufficiency
43
swollen lips, face, larynx, lungs
angioedema
44
ARB (end in "tan")
angioedema, hyperkalemia, renal insufficiency
45
sodium substitute concerns
high potassium amount
46
antihypertensive beta blockers (end in "lol') block
release of renin and epinephrine
47
hypoglycemia symptoms
sweating fatigue, tachycardia, fatigue, dry mouth
48
beta blockers mask
hypoglycemia
49
central alpha 2 agonists hypertensives act on
alpha 2 receptors in central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
50
central alpha 2 agonists effect
reduce sympathetic activity via central nervous system, inhibit uptake of epi and norepi.
51
decrease epinephrine and norepi action on SVR
systemic vascular resistance SVR reduced by no vasoconstriction so BP lower
52
alpha 1 blockers/adrenergic antagonists end in
"in"
53
alpha 1 blockers/adrenergic antagonists target
lower LDL and raise HDL, so can impact BP.
54
alpha 1 blockers/adrenergic antagonists additional treatment for
BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia, benign prostate
55
direct arterial vasodilators action
relax/vasodilate vascular smooth muscle, lower SVR, relieve angina
56
direct arterial vasodilators used
emergency, short acting, IV push
57
direct arterial vasodilators risk
cyanide toxicity
58
direct arterial vasodilators aka
nitroglycerine
59
alpha 1 blockers/adrenergic antagonists act on
smaller arteries and veins
60
calcium channel blockers and HTN
inc oxy and lower heart workload
61
ACEI and ARB check
BP
62
Beta Blockers and Calcium Channel Blockers check
HR and BP
63
isolated systolic hypertension ISH
primarily in the elderly
64
SVR systemic vascular resistance primary cause
age
65
beta blockers neurotransmitters act on
adrenal medulla to stop epinephrine and norepi
66
beta 1 acts on and beta 2 acts on
heart and lungs
67
beta blockers primary function
relax heart so it pumps less blood
68
betq blockers that are selective/act on heart only
metoprolol and atenolol, good or COPD and asthma
69
sudden withdrawal of BB can cause
rebound HTN and tachycardia
70
ACE Inhibitors and ARB angioedema? HR? BP?
both cause angioedema. check BP only
71
ACEI and ARB and potassium
don't urinate out, so hyperkalemia risk
72
central alpha 2 agonists
inhibit reuptake of norepi, Clonidine
73
HTN diuretics, thiazide, loop and K+ Sparing are vasodilators?
false, just remove water

Nursing 2 (9 decks)

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