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Nursing 2 > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

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1
Q

located in the carotids and aorta, sense pressure changes in arterial wall, send impulses via sympathetic motor center

A

baroreceptors, regulate BP

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2
Q

produces vasoactive substances to maintain low arterial tone, contraction and relaxation

A

vascular endothelium

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3
Q

thin membrane that lines inside of heart and blood vessels

A

endothelium

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4
Q

hormone system that regulates BP, fluid and electroylte balance, sodium excretion, ECF volume

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system RAAS

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5
Q

low BP or sympathetic nervous system trigger kidneys to release

A

renin, an enzyme

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6
Q

RAAS progression

A

kidney>renin, liver>angiotensin>AT I formed>angiotensin converting enzyme ACE>AT II forme>aldostrone released by adrenal glands>vasoconstriction>Na+ and water retention>inc BP

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7
Q

hormones made at site of damage, infection that can help inflame/clot contract blood vessels to aid healing but after healing can vasodilate

A

prostaglandin

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8
Q

endocrine sys and BP: 3 sources

A

adrenal medulla - epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenal cortex - aldosterone
posterior pituitary gland - ADH

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9
Q

BP normal

A

119/79 or less

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10
Q

BP prehypertension

A

begin 120/80

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11
Q

hypertension stage 1

A

begin 140/90

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12
Q

hypertension stage 2

A

begin 160/100

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13
Q

isolated systolic hypertension

A

SBP over 140 and DBP less than 90

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14
Q

primary or idiopathic hypertension cause

A

unknown cause 90-95% all cases

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15
Q

elevated BP with a specific cause

A

secondary hypertension

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16
Q

secondary BP causes

A

diabetes, cushing’s, thyroid

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17
Q

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

A

left ventricle ejects oxy blood through aorta against systemic pressure

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18
Q

high BP or vasoconstriction and SVR

A

SVR increases as pressure to eject blood into circulation faces increased resistance

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19
Q

peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)

A

right ventricle ejects deoxy blood into pulmonary artery against pulmonary pressure

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20
Q

BP calculation

A

BP = CO X PVR

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21
Q

cardiac output (CO) calculation

A

CO = SV X HR

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22
Q

CO cardiac output definition

A

volume of blood being pumped by heart in one minute

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23
Q

stroke volume (SV)

A

amount of blood pumped out of ventricles per beat

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24
Q

alpha and beta drugs ABCD

A

alpha always constrict, beta always dilate

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25
Q

alpha, beta targets 1 and 2

A

1 is the heart (only 1 heart) 2 is the lungs (2 lungs)

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26
Q

drug with beta 1 properties will

A

dilate the heart

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27
Q

drug with beta 2 properties will

A

act on lungs (2 lungs) and dilate

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28
Q

HTN diagnostics

A

urinalysis, BUN and creatinine, GFR, lipid profile, uric acid

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29
Q

ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)

A

non-invasive, 24 hour so incorporates daily life, measure BP at preset intervals

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30
Q

DASH diet

A

fruits, veggies, whole grains, fish, poultry

31
Q

losartan drug type

A

ARB - angiotensin receptor blocker

32
Q

thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ) effects

A

diuretic and vasodilation, urinate out K+, retains uric acid

33
Q

loop diuretic (furosemide)

A

diuretic and vasodilation, urinate out K+, but doesn’t retain uric acid

34
Q

thiazide and loop diuretics: K+

A

increase potassium intake b/c urinate out K+

35
Q

thiazide diuretics and calcium

A

retain Ca+ so good for elderly, osteoporosis

36
Q

loop diuretics and calcium

A

excrete calcium

37
Q

hypocalcemia symptoms

A

Ca+ directly related to muscle action, so cramping, muscle weakness, spasms, tingling lips and fingers

38
Q

K+ Sparing diuretic (spironolactone) K+

A

retain potassium, avoid K+ foods

39
Q

antihypertensive diuretic side effects

A

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, dehydration, orthostatic hypotension

40
Q

antihypertensive diuretics: 3 types

A

thiazide, loop, K+ Sparing

41
Q

antihypertensive angiotensin: 2 types

A

ACEI- angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors

ARB- angiotensin receptor blockers

42
Q

ACEI (ends in “pril”) side effects

A

ACEI persistent cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, renal insufficiency

43
Q

swollen lips, face, larynx, lungs

A

angioedema

44
Q

ARB (end in “tan”)

A

angioedema, hyperkalemia, renal insufficiency

45
Q

sodium substitute concerns

A

high potassium amount

46
Q

antihypertensive beta blockers (end in “lol’) block

A

release of renin and epinephrine

47
Q

hypoglycemia symptoms

A

sweating fatigue, tachycardia, fatigue, dry mouth

48
Q

beta blockers mask

A

hypoglycemia

49
Q

central alpha 2 agonists hypertensives act on

A

alpha 2 receptors in central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

50
Q

central alpha 2 agonists effect

A

reduce sympathetic activity via central nervous system, inhibit uptake of epi and norepi.

51
Q

decrease epinephrine and norepi action on SVR

A

systemic vascular resistance SVR reduced by no vasoconstriction so BP lower

52
Q

alpha 1 blockers/adrenergic antagonists end in

A

“in”

53
Q

alpha 1 blockers/adrenergic antagonists target

A

lower LDL and raise HDL, so can impact BP.

54
Q

alpha 1 blockers/adrenergic antagonists additional treatment for

A

BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia, benign prostate

55
Q

direct arterial vasodilators action

A

relax/vasodilate vascular smooth muscle, lower SVR, relieve angina

56
Q

direct arterial vasodilators used

A

emergency, short acting, IV push

57
Q

direct arterial vasodilators risk

A

cyanide toxicity

58
Q

direct arterial vasodilators aka

A

nitroglycerine

59
Q

alpha 1 blockers/adrenergic antagonists act on

A

smaller arteries and veins

60
Q

calcium channel blockers and HTN

A

inc oxy and lower heart workload

61
Q

ACEI and ARB check

A

BP

62
Q

Beta Blockers and Calcium Channel Blockers check

A

HR and BP

63
Q

isolated systolic hypertension ISH

A

primarily in the elderly

64
Q

SVR systemic vascular resistance primary cause

A

age

65
Q

beta blockers neurotransmitters act on

A

adrenal medulla to stop epinephrine and norepi

66
Q

beta 1 acts on and beta 2 acts on

A

heart and lungs

67
Q

beta blockers primary function

A

relax heart so it pumps less blood

68
Q

betq blockers that are selective/act on heart only

A

metoprolol and atenolol, good or COPD and asthma

69
Q

sudden withdrawal of BB can cause

A

rebound HTN and tachycardia

70
Q

ACE Inhibitors and ARB angioedema? HR? BP?

A

both cause angioedema. check BP only

71
Q

ACEI and ARB and potassium

A

don’t urinate out, so hyperkalemia risk

72
Q

central alpha 2 agonists

A

inhibit reuptake of norepi, Clonidine

73
Q

HTN diuretics, thiazide, loop and K+ Sparing are vasodilators?

A

false, just remove water

Nursing 2 (9 decks)

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