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Nursing 2 > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

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1
Q

glucose intolerance: 2 types

A
  1. no or little production of insulin

2. tissue insensitivity to insulin

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2
Q

insulin: definition

A

hormone secreted by beta cells in pancreas

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3
Q

insulin controls blood glucose by regulating: 3

A
  1. production of glucose
  2. use of glucose
  3. storage of glucose
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4
Q

high blood glucose level: 4 steps

A
  1. glucose enters body tissues/cells
  2. excess glucose stored in liver as glycogen
  3. beta cells in pancreas stimulated to release insulin into the blood
  4. blood glucose level declines to a set point, stimulus for insulin release diminished
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5
Q

low blood glucose level: steps

A
  1. alpha cells in pancreas stimulated to release glucagon into the blood
  2. liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose into blood
  3. blood glucose level rises to a set point and stimulus for glucagon release diminished
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6
Q

type 1 diabetes: definition

A

destruction of beta cells mean deficiency of insulin secretion

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7
Q

type 1 diabetes: causes

A

genetic and autoimmune

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8
Q

type 1 diabetes: insulin production

A

pancreas produces no insulin

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9
Q

type 1 diabetes: patient profile

A

young and thin

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10
Q

type 1 diabetes: prone to

A

ketosis

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11
Q

insulin primary role

A

help glucose enter body cells for energy source

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12
Q

ketones: definition

A

acidic byproduct of breakdown of fats in blood

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13
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis: steps

A
  1. hyperglycemic
  2. insulin not sufficiently produced to offset high blood glucose
  3. body uses stored fat for energy b/c can’t use glucose b/c glucose can’t enter cells w/o insulin
  4. ketones result of fat breakdown
  5. diabetic ketoacidosis is untreated ketones
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14
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis timing

A

quickly even within 24 hours

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15
Q

ketoacidosis diagnostics: 2

A

ketones in urine test

hyperglycemia

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16
Q

ketoacidosis: signs and symptoms: 2

A
  1. fruity breath

2. abdominal pain

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17
Q

type 1 diabetes: 3 “Ps” signs and symptoms

A

Polyuria - excessive urination
Polydipsia - thirst
Polyphagia - hunger

18
Q

type 2 diabetes: signs and symptoms

A

3 Ps plus

  1. hand tingling/numbness
  2. slow healing wounds
  3. recurrent infections
19
Q

type 2 diabetes: ketosis?

20
Q

type 2 diabetes: greatest risk factor

21
Q

type 2 diabetes: 3 causes

A
  1. low beta cell count
  2. insufficient insulin production to offset high blood glucose level
  3. tissue insensitivity to insulin
22
Q

type 2 diabetes and insulin production

A

insulin is produced by either not enough to handle high blood sugar or tissue/muscle resisting glucose b/c obesity

23
Q

diabetes during pregnancy called

A

gestational, usually resolves after birth

24
Q

a cluster of conditions that occur together that increase chances of CVA, type 2 diabetes

A

metabolic syndrome

25
metabolic syndrome signs and symptoms: 5
1. increased BP 2. increased waist circumference 3. higher triglycerides 4. lower HDL 5. elevated fasting plasma glucose
26
diabetes diagnostic testing
fasting/8 hrs glucose > 126 random blood glucose > 200 A1C > 6.5
27
prediabetes blood glucose level
100-125
28
A1C aka
glycated hemoglobin, ave of glucose over 3 months
29
sugar in urine is called
glycosuria
30
glycosuria requires
immediate blood glucose test
31
A1C over 6.5 indicates
diabetic condition over past 3 months
32
oral glucose tolerance test given to
pregnant women for gestational diabetes
33
normal fasting blood glucose level
under 99
34
protein in urine/proteinuria can be from
kidneys not retaining protein in blood, urinate out, diabetic nephropathy
35
diabetic retinopathy signs and symptoms
floaters, sudden vision changes or loss of vision
36
diabetic nephropathy signs and symptoms
HTN, hypoglycemia
37
diabetic neuropathy is
disruption in blood supply or damage to nerves
38
diabetic neuropathy commonly affects
nerves in legs and feet
39
diabetic neuropathy signs and symptoms: 4
1. paresthesia - tingling, prickling, numb sensation 2. unable to sense temperature changes 3. burning sensation 4. loss of balance/coordination
40
high blood sugar affect on capillaries
elevated glucose damages nerves, weakens wall of blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen
41
peripheral diabetic neuropathy meds
nonopioid analgesics

Nursing 2 (9 decks)

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