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Nursing 2 > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

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1
Q

glucose intolerance: 2 types

A
  1. no or little production of insulin

2. tissue insensitivity to insulin

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2
Q

insulin: definition

A

hormone secreted by beta cells in pancreas

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3
Q

insulin controls blood glucose by regulating: 3

A
  1. production of glucose
  2. use of glucose
  3. storage of glucose
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4
Q

high blood glucose level: 4 steps

A
  1. glucose enters body tissues/cells
  2. excess glucose stored in liver as glycogen
  3. beta cells in pancreas stimulated to release insulin into the blood
  4. blood glucose level declines to a set point, stimulus for insulin release diminished
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5
Q

low blood glucose level: steps

A
  1. alpha cells in pancreas stimulated to release glucagon into the blood
  2. liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose into blood
  3. blood glucose level rises to a set point and stimulus for glucagon release diminished
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6
Q

type 1 diabetes: definition

A

destruction of beta cells mean deficiency of insulin secretion

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7
Q

type 1 diabetes: causes

A

genetic and autoimmune

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8
Q

type 1 diabetes: insulin production

A

pancreas produces no insulin

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9
Q

type 1 diabetes: patient profile

A

young and thin

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10
Q

type 1 diabetes: prone to

A

ketosis

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11
Q

insulin primary role

A

help glucose enter body cells for energy source

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12
Q

ketones: definition

A

acidic byproduct of breakdown of fats in blood

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13
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis: steps

A
  1. hyperglycemic
  2. insulin not sufficiently produced to offset high blood glucose
  3. body uses stored fat for energy b/c can’t use glucose b/c glucose can’t enter cells w/o insulin
  4. ketones result of fat breakdown
  5. diabetic ketoacidosis is untreated ketones
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14
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis timing

A

quickly even within 24 hours

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15
Q

ketoacidosis diagnostics: 2

A

ketones in urine test

hyperglycemia

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16
Q

ketoacidosis: signs and symptoms: 2

A
  1. fruity breath

2. abdominal pain

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17
Q

type 1 diabetes: 3 “Ps” signs and symptoms

A

Polyuria - excessive urination
Polydipsia - thirst
Polyphagia - hunger

18
Q

type 2 diabetes: signs and symptoms

A

3 Ps plus

  1. hand tingling/numbness
  2. slow healing wounds
  3. recurrent infections
19
Q

type 2 diabetes: ketosis?

A

no

20
Q

type 2 diabetes: greatest risk factor

A

obesity

21
Q

type 2 diabetes: 3 causes

A
  1. low beta cell count
  2. insufficient insulin production to offset high blood glucose level
  3. tissue insensitivity to insulin
22
Q

type 2 diabetes and insulin production

A

insulin is produced by either not enough to handle high blood sugar or tissue/muscle resisting glucose b/c obesity

23
Q

diabetes during pregnancy called

A

gestational, usually resolves after birth

24
Q

a cluster of conditions that occur together that increase chances of CVA, type 2 diabetes

A

metabolic syndrome

25
Q

metabolic syndrome signs and symptoms: 5

A
  1. increased BP
  2. increased waist circumference
  3. higher triglycerides
  4. lower HDL
  5. elevated fasting plasma glucose
26
Q

diabetes diagnostic testing

A

fasting/8 hrs glucose > 126
random blood glucose > 200
A1C > 6.5

27
Q

prediabetes blood glucose level

A

100-125

28
Q

A1C aka

A

glycated hemoglobin, ave of glucose over 3 months

29
Q

sugar in urine is called

A

glycosuria

30
Q

glycosuria requires

A

immediate blood glucose test

31
Q

A1C over 6.5 indicates

A

diabetic condition over past 3 months

32
Q

oral glucose tolerance test given to

A

pregnant women for gestational diabetes

33
Q

normal fasting blood glucose level

A

under 99

34
Q

protein in urine/proteinuria can be from

A

kidneys not retaining protein in blood, urinate out, diabetic nephropathy

35
Q

diabetic retinopathy signs and symptoms

A

floaters, sudden vision changes or loss of vision

36
Q

diabetic nephropathy signs and symptoms

A

HTN, hypoglycemia

37
Q

diabetic neuropathy is

A

disruption in blood supply or damage to nerves

38
Q

diabetic neuropathy commonly affects

A

nerves in legs and feet

39
Q

diabetic neuropathy signs and symptoms: 4

A
  1. paresthesia - tingling, prickling, numb sensation
  2. unable to sense temperature changes
  3. burning sensation
  4. loss of balance/coordination
40
Q

high blood sugar affect on capillaries

A

elevated glucose damages nerves, weakens wall of blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen

41
Q

peripheral diabetic neuropathy meds

A

nonopioid analgesics

Nursing 2 (9 decks)

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