Veneto** Flashcards
How did Veneto’s history helped to shape its modern wine industry?
long cultural history as regional power and appreciation of wine supported production; mercantile history promoted trade and encouraged rapid responses to market demand
What is the relative importance of Veneto to Italy’s wine industry as a whole?
most[!] productive DOC/G wine region in Italy by volume; second in total DOCG’s (behind Piemonte); third most productive (area under vine) region (behind only Sicilia and Puglia); third in total DOC’s (and DOC/G’s) behind Piemonte and Toscana;
What are the factors that influence the Veneto’s climate?
Paduana plain to west; Adriatic sea to east and Alps to north
How is Veneto’s grape growing area sub-divided and what makes the divisions different from each other (soils, climate, grape varieties, etc.)?
How is Veneto divided topographically and climatically?
What are the predominant soil types in Veneto’s sub-regions and “need to know” appellations?
What is the influence of rivers, hills and mountains on viticultural practices in the Veneto?
What are the most widely planted grape varieties of the Veneto and their synonyms?
What are the grape varieties utilized for Veneto’s “need to know” appellations?
What are the key viticultural details (origin, vineyard practices, etc.) about the “need to know” grapes in the Veneto?
Which grape varieties in the Veneto are best suited for still, sparkling and/or dessert wines?
What are the key structural characteristics (acid, tannin, etc.) of Veneto’s “need to know” grape varieties?
Which wines in the Veneto allow blending partners?
Which wines in the Veneto must be 100% varietal?
The permissible wine styles (still, sparkling, dessert, rosato, etc.) of the “need to know” appellations in the Veneto?
What is the significance of possible label terms such as: Superiore, Chiaretto, Novello, Classica, etc. in the Veneto?
What winemaking techniques are specific to “need to know” appellations in the Veneto?
What are the definitions of key winemaking terms such as: appassimento, picai, passito, ripasso, etc.
Be familiar with the aging requirements of the “need to know” DOCGs in the Veneto.
What are the legally permissible blending formulas of the “need to know” appellations in the Veneto?
What are the sub-zones of “need to know” appellations in the Veneto?
Where are the “need to know” appellations situated within Veneto’s sub-regions?
What is the climate, topography and geology of the “need to know” appellations in the Veneto?
Describe the historical evolution of Veneto’s “need to know” appellations.
Who are the key historical figures associated with specific DOCGs in the Veneto?
What is Italy’s most productive wine region?
Veneto [but not the most area under vine, behind Sicily and Puglia]
How much of Italy’s total DOC/G wine production is made in the Veneto?
25%, Italy’s largest DOC/G producer
What is the wine qualtiy pyramid in Veneto?
> 50% DOC/G, >30% IGT, <20% vino
Describe the history of Trieste prior to WWII.
Until 1918, Trieste was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire along with all of the Slovene lands. But with the end of the First World War, Trieste, together with the entire coastal region of what is now Slovenia and Croatia, was given over to Italy.
Describe the history of Trieste after WWII.
In May 1945, Tito’s forces occupied Trieste for forty days, but were then pushed out by the Allied Forces. It remained under an international administration until 1954 when the territory was seceded outright to Italy,
Describe the topographic division of Veneto.
Mountains 30%, Hills 15%, Plains 55%
Compare the wine production of the different topographic entities of Veneto.
an outsized contribution from the hills, reflecting the high quality, but majority from plains; Mountains 2%, Hills 39%, Plains 59%
How is Veneto divided climatically?
4 zones: Alpine, Hilly area, Plains, Coastal plains
What is the division of red and white grapes in Veneto?
about 50/50.
What are the main indigenous grapes in Veneto?
Glera, Garganega and Corvina (account for almost half of plantings)
What are the three most planted grapes in Veneto?
Glera, Garganega and Pinot Grigio [all whites, but red=white overall]
What is the most planted white grape in Veneto?
Glera
What is the most planted red grape in Veneto?
Merlot [surprise! followed closely by Corvina]
What does Tre Venezie refer to?
3 Italian administrative regions in NE corner of Italy: Veneto, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia
When did wine exports start in the Veneto?
Middle Ages with Venetian Republic
What is the evidence suggesting the significant importance of Veneto to Italy’s wine culture as a whole?
high annual per capita wine consumption in Veneto; Vinitaly in Verona - the world’s largest international wine event; Scuola Enologica di Conegliano, founded in 1876
What were the Veneto wines of reputation in the 1970’s and 80’s?
Valpolicella and Soave
When did Veneti settle in Veneto?
before 9th century BCE
Who taught the Veneti to make wine?
Etruscans and Rhaeti
With the Lombard invasion of Northern Italy after fall of Roman Empire, what was fate of Veneto?
divided: mainland area controlled by Lombards and coastal area controlled by Byzantines
When did Venice achieve independence from Byzantines?
9th century CE
The Venetian empire extended east how far?
Slovenia and Croatia
When did Venice start to fade politically?
in the early 17th century [after Titian]
What was the fatal blow to Venetian wine trade in the years after Venice’s peak power?
winter freeze of 1709
What were the transitions of power in the Veneto after the Venetian Republic?
Napoleon 1797, Austrian Empire, Kingdom of Italy
What are the main wine regions in the hilly area of Veneto?
Bardolino, Valpolicella, Soave, Conegliano Valdobbiadene responsible for 40% of area under vine, but hills only 15% of area
Name 4 rivers flowing south through the Veneto that arise in Alps and empty in the Adriatic.
Brenta, Tagliamento, Livenza, Piave [BLTP]
Name 2 rivers that flow across southern Veneto and empty in the Adriatic Sea.
Adige and Po rivers
Describe the variance of rain in the Veneto.
lowest rain on the plains and coast, increasing further north
Which Italian regions border Veneto?
Emilia Romagna (S), Lombardia (W) Trentino Alto-Adige (N) and Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE)
Which international countries border Veneto?
Austria [not Switzerland or Slovenia]
What is role of Bordeaux grapes in Veneto?
traditional in Central and Eastern Veneto, date from 1830’s [Merlot is most planted red in Veneto]
Where are Italy’s largest plantings of Carmenere and Malbech?
Veneto
What makes Corvina suitable for appassimento?
thick skin
What makes Rondinella suitable for appassimento?
resistant to fungal disease [not thick skin as with Corvina]
What is the contribution of Rondinella to blends of Valpolicella?
easy to grow; resistance to fungal disease makes it ideal for appassimento; cherry aromas (but Corvina is renowned for adding aromatic complexity)
What is the contribution of Corvinone to blends?
structure, body, tannins and meaty-savory notes
What is the contribution of Molinara to blends?
acidity and ease of cultivation (lacks pigmentation and character)
What is the contribution of Oseleta to blends?
color and tannin
What are the need to know white grapes in Veneto?
Glera, Garganega, Vespaila
What are the need to know red grapes in Veneto?
Corvina, Rondinella, Corvinone, Raboso Piave
Why is there no significant wine production in the mountainous areas of the Veneto?
no east/west valleys (contrast with Valtellina, Val d’Aosta, Alto Adige)
What is etymology of Valpolicella?
valley of many cellars
What is difference between Vespaila and Vespailo
VespailA = grApe; VespailO = vinO or wine
What is the capital of Veneto?
Venezia
What were the ancient prized wines of the Veneto?
Retico and Acinatico
Retico and Acinatico were ancestors of what modern wine?
recioto
What was the role of the Celtic tribes in Veneto?
Veneti were protected from Celtic invasion by alliance with Rome
What was the effect of the Venice Republic on Veneto wine trade?
significant positive effect
After Napoleon rule of Veneto, when did wine trade start to recover?
1876 with establishment of wine school in Conegliano to combat biological threats to the vine
What are the geological borders of Veneto?
The Alps, Lake Garda, Padana Plain, Adriatic Sea
What are the 5 major wine areas on the Veneto?
city based: Verona, Vicenza, Padova, Treviso, Venezia
What are the climatic viticultural hazards in the Veneto?
hail and harvest rain
In the Veneto in what topographic zone are the majority of the vineyards planted?
Plains [not hills!]
What is the climate of the mountainous area in the Veneto?
Alpine - cool rainy summers
What is the climate of the hilly area in the Veneto?
semi-continental with elevation, trapped warmth from south and cold air from north
What is the climate of the plains area in the Veneto?
fully continental with high humidity and fog;