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IWS1 > Emilia-Romagna* > Flashcards

Emilia-Romagna* Flashcards

1
Q

What are the important food contributions of Emilia-Romagna?

A

Parmigiano Reggiano, Prosciutto di Parma, Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale de Modena, tortellini

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2
Q

How Emilia-Romagna is divided climatically

A
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3
Q

How the winegrowing area of the Emilia sub-region is sub-divided and what makes these divisions different from each other

A
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4
Q

The influence of rivers, hills and mountains on viticultural practices in Emilia-Romagna

A
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5
Q

The most widely planted grape varieties of Emilia-Romagna and their synonyms

A
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6
Q

The grape varieties utilized for Emilia-Romagna’s “need to know” appellations

A
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7
Q

Key viticultural details (vineyard practices, soil, slope, exposure and climate preferences) about the “need to
know” grapes in Emilia-Romagna?

A
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8
Q

Key structural characteristics (acid, tannin, etc.) of Emilia-Romagna’s most important grape varieties

A
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9
Q

Which varieties are used for still, sparkling and dessert wines in Emilia-Romagna?

A
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10
Q

Which wines in Emilia-Romagna allow blending partners and which must be 100% varietal?

A
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11
Q

The permissible wine styles in Emilia-Romagna (still, sparkling, dessert, aromatized, etc.) of the “need to know” appellations

A
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12
Q

What drives the low cost wine production in Emilia-Romagna?

A

large cooperatives, fertile land, high yields

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13
Q

What are the 3 major towns in Emilia-Romagna?

A

Bologna, Ferrara, Modena (all Emilia)

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14
Q

What are the 4 major automotive brands in Emilia-Romagna?

A

Ferrari, Lamborghini, Ducati, Maserati

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15
Q

What is the Via Emilia?

A

Roman road from Piacenza to Rimini, built by Mario Emilio Lepido

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16
Q

After the fall of Rome, who controlled Emilia?

A

Lombards

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17
Q

After the fall of Rome, who controlled Romagna?

A

Byzantines, last northern Roman region to fall.

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18
Q

What were the most powerful city-states of Emilia in the Middle Ages?

A

Parma, Piacenza, Modena, Reggio-Emilia, Bologna (all in Emilia)

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19
Q

When did the Lombards annex Romagna?

A

in the 8th century CE

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20
Q

When did the Franks (under Pepin the Short) conquer the Lombards and Emilia-Romagna come under Papal control?

A

in the middle of the 8th century CE

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21
Q

Romagna remained under Papal control until when?

A

Napoleon

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22
Q

When were Emilia and Romagna included in the Kingdom of Sardinia?

A

1860, then Kingdom of Italy one year later.

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23
Q

When were Emilia-Romagna rejoined?

A

1947

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24
Q

What is the southern most region of northern Italy?

A

Emilia-Romagna

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25
Q

What is the dividing point of Emilia-Romagna?

A

city of Bologna

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26
Q

What is the topography breakdown of Emilia-Romagna?

A

Plains 48%, Hills 27%, Mountains 25%

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27
Q

What is the wine production breakdown in terms of topography in Emilia-Romagna?

A

Plains 67%, Hills 33%, Mountains 0%

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28
Q

Describe the soils of the Emilia-Romagna plains.

A

deep and fertile soils composed of clay, silt and sand

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29
Q

What separates the hills and the plains of Emilia-Romagna?

A

Via Emilia

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30
Q

Describe the soils of the Emilia-Romagna hills.

A

shallow soils composed of clay, sandstone and marl

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31
Q

What is the driest part of Emilia-Romagna?

A

plains (but high humidity)

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32
Q

What is the extent of the influence of the Adriatic Sea on Emilia-Romagna?

A

very limited, just on the coast

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33
Q

What is the effect of the Po River on the climate in Emilia-Romagna?

A

moderates temperatures and increases humidity

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34
Q

What is the mix of red/white grapes in Emilia-Romagna?

A

slightly more red

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35
Q

What is the most planted grape in Emilia-Romagna?

A

Trebbiano Romagnolo {white, but red grapes more planted!]

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36
Q

What are the 2 most planted grapes in Emilia-Romagna?

A

Trebbiano Romagnolo and Sangiovese (40%)

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37
Q

What is the position of Sangiovese in Emilia-Romagna?

A

traditional grape, most planted red grape, source of high quality clones (often used in Tuscany)

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38
Q

Sangiovese is native to where?

A

probably southern Italy [not Tuscany or Emilia-Romagna]

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39
Q

What are the common features of Lambrusco grapes?

A

high acidity, moderate alcohol, red fruit and floral aromas

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40
Q

What Lambrusco grape produces the benchmark of traditional style wine?

A

Lambrusco di Sorbara, traditional is light-bodied [Sorbara > light Sorbet]

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41
Q

What is an unusual biological characteristic of the Lambrusco di Sorbara grape?

A

requires another Lambrusco variety in the vineyard to serve as pollinator (usually coplanted with Lambrusco Salamino in every third row, can still be picked separately)

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42
Q

What is the etymology of Lambrusco Salamino?

A

grape clusters resemble small salami

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43
Q

What grape produces the most balanced Lambrusco?

A

Lambrusco Salamino

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44
Q

What is the most widely planted Lambrusco variety?

A

Lambrusco Salamino

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45
Q

Which Lambrusco grape in the most tannic and full bodied?

A

Lambrusco Grasparossa, fleshy style, grown in hilly area

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46
Q

Name the Lambrusco grapes starting with the most planted variety.

A

Salamino, Grasparossa, Sorbara

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47
Q

Where is Trebbiano Romagnolo most likely crafted as a single varietal?

A

Romagna

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48
Q

What is the most important white grape in Romagna?

A

Albana (higher quality than Trebbiano Romagna which is most planted)

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49
Q

Describe the Albana grape.

A

ancient, inherently neutral grape that can produce very good sweet wines (Robinson)

50
Q

How are sweet wines from Albana made?

A

both passito and botrytisized

51
Q

What is the etymology of Albana?

A

grape brought from Colli Albani in Lazio by the Romans to Romagna (most likely apocryphal, as no evidence supports this)

52
Q

What grape is most closely related to Albana?

A

Garganega, parent/off-spring relationship

53
Q

What is relationship between Malvasia di Candia Aromatica and Malvasia Bianca di Candia?

A

distinct varieties

54
Q

What is the etymology of Candia?

A

old name for Greek island of Crete, but no genetic evidence of linkage

55
Q

Where does the Malvasia di Candia Aromatica grape dominate?

A

Piacenza and Parma

56
Q

List the 9 provinces of Emilia-Romagna from west to east.

A

Piacenza, Parma, Reggio-Emilia, Modena, Bologna, Ferrara, Ravenna, Forli-Cesena, Rimini [PARMigiano BFRFR]

57
Q

Name the 4 need to know grapes of Emilia-Romagna.

A

Albana, Pignoletto, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Trebbiano Romagnolo

58
Q

Where does the Pignoletto grape dominate?

A

Hills around Bologna

59
Q

Where do the Sangiovese and Trebbiano Romagnolo grapes dominate?

60
Q

Describe structure of wine made from Pignoletto.

A

light-bodied, high in acidity

61
Q

What is the etymology of Sangiovese?

A

blood of Jupiter (Jovi), name given by monks of Mount Giove near Rimini

62
Q

What is the wine quality pyramid in Emilia Romagna?

63
Q

Name the DOCGs in Emilia Romagna.

A

2: Romagna Albana, Colli Bolognesi Classico Pignoletto

64
Q

Name the 2 most important IGTs in Emilia-Romagna.

A

dell’Emilia, Rubicone

65
Q

Rubicon IGT includes what area?

A

a large part of Romagna

66
Q

Which area of Emilia-Romagna focuses on frizzante wines?

67
Q

Which area of Emilia-Romagna focuses on dry wines?

68
Q

What are the need to know red grapes of Emilia-Romagna?

A

3 Lambruscos and Sangiovese

69
Q

Name the 5 wine sub-regions of Emilia-Romagna.

A

Hills of Piacenza, Hills of Parma, Lambrusco District, Bologna District, Romagna

70
Q

What is the common character of wines from the Hills of Piacenza?

A

crisp acidity and frizzante style

71
Q

What sub-region outside Emilia-Romagna is most closely aligned with the Hills of Piacenza?

A

Oltrepo Pavese in Lombardia

72
Q

What is the most common wine produced in Colli Piacentini DOC?

A

an off-dry white made from Malvasia di Candia Aromatica [not Moscato!]

73
Q

Describe the wines of Gutturnio DOC.

A

red blend of Barbera and Croatina, frizzante, dry or off-dry (similar blend to near-by Buttafuoco DOC in Lombardy)

74
Q

Describe the wines of Gutturnio DOC with label term superiorore, riserva or classico.

A

still and dry, not frizzante (frizzante is allowed for Gutturznio without extra labeling)

75
Q

What is the most famous wine pairing for Prosciutto di Parma?

A

Malvasia di Candia Aromatico

76
Q

What are the need to know appellations in the Hills of Parma?

A

none for wine (but Prosciutto di Parma DOP is produced there)

77
Q

What are the need to know appellations in the Hills of Piacenza?

A

Colli Piacentini DOC, Gutturnio DOC

78
Q

What is the etymology of Gutturnio?

A

gutturnium is an ancient 2 liter silver Roman jug found along Po River near Piacenza in 1878.

79
Q

What are the main cities in the Lambrusco wine district?

A

Reggio-Emilia and Modena

80
Q

What are the need to know appellations in the Lambrusco District?

A

Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC, Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC, Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce DOC

81
Q

What is the most renowned Lambrusco appellation?

A

Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC

82
Q

Name two major towns of Emilia-Romagna that are not found along the Via Emilia.

A

Ferrara, Ravenna

83
Q

How is the majority of sparkling Lambrusco produced?

A

tank method

84
Q

Contrast the characteristics of classic and inexpensive export market Lambrusco wines.

A

Classic Lambrusco is drier, mushroom cork and DOC labeled. Sweeter versions are IGT labeled with a screw-top.

85
Q

What is the blend allowed in Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC?

A

minimum of 60% Lambrusco di Sorbara

86
Q

Where is Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC in relatonship to Modena?

A

includes the city of Modena

87
Q

Where is Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce DOC in relationship to Modena?

A

on the plain north of Modena

88
Q

Where is Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC in regards to Modena?

A

in the hills south of Modena

89
Q

Which Lambrusco appellation has the highest production?

A

Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce DOC

90
Q

Compare the structure of wine from Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC to other Lambruscos.

A

fullest-bodied, most concentrated, deeper, purple-red color, higher acidity and notable tannins

91
Q

Which native grape is most closely tied to the Bologna wine district?

A

white Pignoletto

92
Q

What foreign country borders Emilia Romagna?

A

San Marino, actually a microstate

93
Q

What was Italy’s first white DOCG?

A

Romagna Albana DOCG in 1987

94
Q

What village is associated with the highest quality of Romagna Albana DOCG?

A

Bertinoro, Roman wine made from Albana that was so good it should be only drunk in a gold cup, “BERTI IN ORO” in Italian

95
Q

What are the sub-designations of Romagna DOC?

A

Pagadebit, Albana Spumante, Cagnina, Trebbiano, Sangiovese; not sub-zones as Romagna Sangiovese DOC as 12 sub-zones [PACTS]

96
Q

What grape is associated with Pagadebit sub-designation of Romagna DOC?

A

Bombino Bianco, still or frizzante, dry or off-dry

97
Q

What grape is associated with Cagnina sub-designation of Romagna DOC?

A

Terrano, produces sweet red wine with tannic bite, consumed fresh

98
Q

Bettinoro is a village associated with what two appellations?

A

Romagna Pagadebit DOC sub-zone and best village of Romagna Albana DOCG

99
Q

What is the oldest university in the western world?

A

University di Bologna, aka Alma Mater Studiorum, founded 1088

100
Q

What styles of wine are allowed in Romagna Albana DOCG?

A

still, various sweetness levels [not sparking which is made in Romagna Albana Spumante DOC!]

101
Q

What appellation in Emilia-Romagna is best know for international grapes?

A

Colli Piacentini DOC

102
Q

What mountain range separates Emilia-Romagna and Tuscany?

A

Northern [!] Apennines

103
Q

Is Ferrara located in Emilia or Romagna?

104
Q

What was the Tethys Ocean?

A

an ancient sea that once covered the Po River Valley (Wiki) [think sedimentary soils]

105
Q

What are Calanchi?

A

bare and arid clay-based rock formations resulting from severe water erosion in Romagna [not to be confused with rocche in Roero]

106
Q

Pignoletto is genetically identical to which grape?

A

Grechetto di Todi in Umbria

107
Q

What village is associated with the Lambrusco Salamino appellation?

A

Santa Croce

108
Q

What village is associated with the Lambrusco Grasparossa appellation?

A

Castelvetro [G: Glass castle - Grasparossa]

109
Q

What are the aging requirements of Romagna Albana DOCG?

A

Passito Riserva requires a minimum of one year of aging

110
Q

What are the aging requirements of Colli Bolognesi Classico Pignoletto DOCG?

A

none mentioned, 95% Pignoletto vs 85% for Colli Bolgnesi DOC

111
Q

Who were the native people of Emilia-Romagna?

112
Q

When was Emilia-Romagna divided?

A

5th century CE, fall of Roman Empire

113
Q

What is wine significance of Bertinoro?

A

village for the best Albana passitos; also only sub-zone of Romagna Pagadebit DOC

114
Q

What is the most renowned grape in Bosco Eliceo DOC?

A

ancient rare red grape, Fortana

115
Q

What grape is traditionally paired with local eels in Emilia-Romagna?

116
Q

What are vini delle sabbie?

A

wines of Bosco Eliceo DOC in Emilia-Romagna, grafted on their own roots (sandy soils)

117
Q

What city is home to the most prestigious Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale?

118
Q

What grapes are used for Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale?

A

Trebbiano Romagnolo or Lambrusco

119
Q

What is the production key to the unique character of Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale?

A

aging in different wood barrels

120
Q

What is the key term in Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale that indicates an authentic DOP product?

A

Tradizionale, if from Modena or Reggio-Emilia, aged 12 years

121
Q

Which part of Emilia Romagna is dominated by a large umbrella appellation?

A

Romagna, Romagna DOC with 5 sub-designations

122
Q

Which appellation in Emilia Romagna produces a Vin Santo?

A

Colli Piacenza DOC as well as in the sub-zone, Vin Santo di Vigoleno

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