Fruili Venezia Giulia** Flashcards
How did Friuli Venezia Giulia’s history shaped its modern wine industry?
Describe the importance of Friuli Venezia Giulia to Italy’s white wine industry.
Describe the influence of bordering countries on Friuli Venezia Giulia’s wine industry.
borders Slovenia and Austria, bringing together Italian, German and Slavic cultures, especially in Eastern Friuli
Describe the factors that influence the Friuli Venezia Giulia’s climate.
interplay between Alpine air masses and inland sea breezes reduces humidity and moderates summer heat
How is Friuli Venezia Giulia’s growing area sub-divided and what makes the divisions different from each
other (soils, climate, grape varieties, etc.)?
How is Friuli Venezia Giulia divided by geology and topography?
Describe the influence of rivers, hills and mountains on viticultural practices in Friuli Venezia Giulia.
their synonyms and their origins?
What are the grape varieties utilized for Friuli Venezia Giulia’s “need to know” appellations?
What are the key viticultural details (vineyard practices, soil, slope, exposure and climate preferences) about the “need to know” grapes?
Which varieties are used for still, sparkling and dessert wines in Friuli Venezia Giulia?
Which wines allow blending partners and which must be 100% varietal in Friuli Venezia Giulia?
What are the permissible wine styles (still, sparkling, dessert, etc.) of the “need to know” appellations in Friuli Venezia Giulia?
What are the key sub-zones of the “need to know” appellations in Friuli Venezia Giulia?
Where are the “need to know” appellations situated within Friuli Venezia Giulia’s sub-regions?
What is the climate, topography and geology of the “need to know” appellations in Friuli Venezia Giulia?
What are the grape varieties and wine styles of the “need to know” appellations in Friuli Venezia Giulia?
Where and when was the birth of Italian white winemaking?
Friuli, late 60’s, clean fresh fruity style (not oxidized)
Name two historical sweet wines from Friuli.
Picot and Ramandolo
What is the role of blends in Friuli?
minimal, focus is single varietal wines
When did Friuli become an important center of wine production?
181 BCE with Latin Foundation of Aquileia
How did Aquileia rank among the great cities of the world?
At the end of the 4th century, Ausonius enumerated Aquileia as the ninth, 4th on the Italian peninsula after Rome, Mediolanum (Milan) and Capua (Campania)
What was the favorite wine of the wife (Livia) of Augustus Caesar?
Pucinum
What regions are referred to by the term Triveneto?
Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto, Friuli
When did Attila the Hun level Aquileia?
452 CE
In what year was Friuli united as part of the Austrian Empire?
1797
In what year was Friuli united as part of the Kingdom of Italy?
1919
What are the 4 provinces of Friuli?
Podenone, Udine, Gorizia, Trieste (capital)
What is topographic breakdown of Friuli?
mountains 42%; hills 20% and plains 38%
What are the 4 topographic zones of Friuli?
Alps/Pre-Alps; Eastern Hills; Central alluvial plain; Lower coastal plain
What and where are the 3 soil types of Friuli?
Sand/Clay/Gravel (in Low coastal plain and Central alluvial plain) alternating Sandstone/ Calcareious marls (ponca in eastern hills); Limestone plateau (Carso)
What are the important rivers in Friuli?
Livenza, Tagliamento, Isonzo and Natisone
What is the Bora?
cold, winter wind from the east, often hits Gulf of Trieste [Alps protect from north winds]
Describe the soils of the Eastern Hills of Friuli.
alternating sandstone and calcareous marls, aka “ponca”
Describe the soils of the Central Plain of Friuli.
fertile mix of sand, clay and gravel
Describe the soils of the Carso Plateau of Friuli.
limestone su-soil topped with iron-rich sand and clay
What is ponca?
alternating sandstone and calcareous marls in the Eastern Hills of Friuli,
What is the mix of red and white grapes in Fruili?
70% white, 30% red [FRiuli = few red; Veneto is even split]
What Slavic grapes contribute to the diversity found in Friuli?
Vitovska, Terrano, Malvasia Istriana (considered native to both Italy and Slovenia)
What Germanic grapes contribute to the diversity found in Friuli?
Riesling, Muller Thurgau, Welschriesling and Blaufränkisch
What French grapes contribute to the diversity found in Friuli?
Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot and Cabernet Franc
Why was the term Tocai used in conjunction with the Friulano grape?
deliberately done to take advantage of the international fame of Furmint based Takaji wines from Hungary (Robinson)
How does Friulano compare to the unrelated Sauvignon Blanc?
not as crisp or aromatic, but may be fuller-bodied
Where is Friulano native?
an old variety from the Gironde in France - Sauvignonasse
Of the 4 topographic zones of Friuli, which is renowned for quality wine?
eastern hills
What are the historic roots of Ribolla Gialla?
hills of Friuli since 1200’s
What are the historic roots of Malvasia Istriana?
hills of Friuli since 1200’s
What are the historic roots of Picolit?
in Friuli since Roman times
What native grape is most grown in Friuli?
Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso (traditional international grapes dominate - similar to Trentino, but not Alto Adige)
What 2 grapes are most grown in Friuli?
Pinot Grigio and Merlot
What are the need to know native white grapes of Friuli?
Picot, Ribolla Gialla, Friulano [not truly native], Malvasia Istriana, Vitovska
What are the need to know native red grapes of Friuli?
Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Schioppettino
What is the difference between Schioppettino and Schiopetto
Mario Schiopetto, iconic wine producer vs. red grape from Friuli
Where is Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso native?
Carso (but grown throughout Friuli now)
What is the best known version of Picolit?
sweet white wine in Friuli
What is the etymology of Picolit?
In Friuli small berries (intense flavors of sweet wines) or small yields (rare)
What town is associated with Picolit?
Rosazzo
Who was Livio Felluga?
follower of Mario Schiopetto
What was the role of MLF and oak for Mario Schiopetto?
none
Who led the orange wine movement in Friuli?
Graver and Radikon
What is Vintage Tunina?
super-white blend from Friuli producer Jermann, started in the late 70’s
What is the wine quality pyramid in Friuli?
40/60/0 [one of the highest DOC proportions in Italy]
How does the area under vine in Friuli compare to other regions?
4K acres, 1/50 of Veneto, 1/3 of Alto Adige; producer size is correspondingly small
What is the role of cooperatives in Friuli?
marginal (contrast to Trentino and Alto Adige)
What is the largest appellation in Friuli?
Friuli Grave DOC
What are the 3 sub-regions of appellations in Friuli?
Central Plains, Coastal Plains, Eastern Friuli
What are the need to know appellations in the Central Plains of Friuli?
Friuli Grave DOC and Lison DOCG
What are the need to know appellations in the Coastal Plains of Friuli?
none, area of Aquiliea
What are the need to know appellations in the Eastern Friuli?
Collio DOC, Friuli Colli Orientali DOC, Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG, Ramandolo DOCG, Rosazzo DOCG, Friuli Isonzo DOC, Carso DOC
What are the geographic landmarks of Friuli Grave DOC?
gravelly soil and magredi, flat expanses where low grasses draw on arid beds of gravel
What river is associated with Friuli Grave DOC?
bisected by Tagliamento River [!]
What soils are associated with Friuli Grave DOC?
well-drained sand, gravel with high limestone content, needs irrigation
What color grapes dominate in Friuli Grave?
red [!]
What are the subdivision of the Alps in Friuli?
Carnic Alps to the west and Julian Alps to the east [closer to Aquiliea]
What moderates the climate of FCO?
Adriatic Sea
What are the 3 largest appellations in Friuli?
FG, FCO, Collio
What soils are associated with Collio DOC?
Ponca aka Flysch of Cormons, alternating layers of sandstone and calcareous
marl
What are the most renown historic sub-zones of Collio DOC?
Capriva, Oslavia, San Floriano del Collio
What is most planted grape variety in Collio?
Pinot Grigio (same as Friuli)
What is geographic orientation of Collio DOC and Friuli Colli Orientale DOC?
FCO is north of Collio
When did areas of Collio DOC and Friuli Colli Orientale DOC join Italy?
FCO after in second half of 19th century and Collio after WWI
What city is associated with FCO?
Cividale
What is most planted grape variety in FCO?
Friulano (contrast with PG in Collio)
What are the sub-zones of Collio DOC?
Call, Prepotto, Rosazzo, Faedis [C-PRoF]
What are the sub-zones of FCO DOC?
Call, Prepotto, Rosazzo, Faedis [C-PRoF]
What is the focus of Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG?
rare sweet white wine
What is the focus of Ramandolo DOCG?
sweet wine from Verduzzo Giallo in Friuli
What was Friuli’s first DOCG?
Ramandolo DOCG (2001)
What is Friuli’s coolest appellation?
Ramandolo DOCG
What is the focus of Rosazzo DOCG?
Friulano based white blend
What are Rive Alte?
the best vineyards in Friuli Isonzo DOC
What are pastini?
terraces in Carso
What are the unique grapes of Carso DOC?
Vitovska and Terrano
What are the 3 most widely planted grape varieties of Friuli Venezia Giulia?
Pinot Grigio, Merlot, Friulani
What regions are shared between Friuli and Veneto?
Prosecco DOC, Lison DOC, Delle Venezia IGT, Alto Licenza IGT
What Italian regions border Friuli?
only Veneto [Similar to Val d’Aosta enclosed by Piemonte]
Friulano is the focus of which appellations?
Lison DOCG, FCO DOC, Rosazzo DOCG
What is the significance of Paulo Rapuzzi?
founder of Friuli producer Ronchi di Cialla, saved Schioppettino grape [p not IWS yet]
