Velopharynx, Nasopharynx, Nasal Cavity, Oral Cavity CHP 13 Flashcards
What is the Mechanism call that is the opening between the mouth, nose the velum, the pharyngeal walls to separate the oral and nasal cavity?
Velopharyngeal Mechanism
The Velum closes and opens for what purpose?
1) Impound oral air pressure for speech.
2) Hold thoracic air pressure for : Vomiting, Voiding, coughing, clearing, and lifting
Muscles of the Velum are?
Levator Veli Palatine
Tensor Veli Palatine
Uvulus
Palatopharyngeus
Innervation
What does Tensor Veli Palatine muscle premits?
Permits air pressure within the middle ear cavity to equalize with atmospheric pressure
What two palatine elevators form a muscular sling for the soft palate
Levator Veli Palatine
What is the Muculus Uvulae
The Uvular muscle is often regarded as a paired muscle
What do most text books refer to the Uvulus Muscle as
Unpaired bones
How often does bifid uvula occur?
It occurs in about 1 out of 75 people.
What is Bifid uvula
Along with a soft palate with a bluish tint suggest that the palate is short and lacks appropriate musculature.
Hyper-nasality often results from what?
Submucous Cleft of the soft palate
Palatopharyngeus is a muscle of what?
Soft Palate and at the same time a longitudinal muscle of the pharynx
What is the Palatoglossus Muscle?
It is considered a muscle of the palate or as a muscle of the Tongue. (extrinsic muscle of the tongue)
The term Glossopalatinus is a description of what muscle
Palatoglossus Muscle
What is Innervation
CN X, CN XI, CN IX, CNV
What is the role of the Velum
To close the opening between the mouth and the nose.
A Sphincteric Closure is ?
A circular band of muscle fibers that close and orifice or constrict a passageway
What are the Closure Patterns
Coronal
Sagittal
Circular
Circular with Passavant’s Ridge
Describe Passavants Pad or Ridge
The pterygopharyngeal portion of the superior constrictor muscle contributes to a forward movement of the posterior wall at about the level of the arch of tubercle of the first cervical vertebra (atlas).
The bulging in the Passsavant’s Ridge or Pad is called
Passavant’s bar, pad or cushion
Who believed that the palatal movement accounted for almost all velopharyngeal during closure..
Gustave Passavant gave this account is 1863
What is the Anatomy of the Nasopharynx?
Eustachian Tube,
Torus Tubarius
Adenoid pad
What is the Physiology of the Eustachian Tube
The tube courses laterally, backward, and slightly upward to the middle ear cavity
What is the Physiology of the Torus Tubarius?
A prominence that is the posterior portion of the somewhat triangular ostium.
Salpingopharyngeal Fold is?
A fold of the mucous membrane courses vertercally downward from the posterior margin of the torus tubarius.
Define Adenoid Pad
The Posterior wall of the Nasopharynx it is characterized by an aggregate of lymphatic tissue known as pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
Nasal Cavity
Consist of the following:
Nasal Septum
Conchae or Turbinates
Nasal tip
Columella
Nares(naris)
Define the Nasal Septum
Separates the Nasal Cavity into two symmetrical chambers
Describe Conchae or Turbinates
These are the lateral walls of the nasal cavitities that are composed of superior, middle and inferior nasal (shell) to include their corresponding nasal passages (meatus, meati)
Where is the Nasal Tip located
At the very tip of the Nose. Also known as the Apex
What is the Columella
The Columella is the continuous portion of the Philtrum of the nasal septum.
What distinction does the Philtrum give the Nose
It is the vertical groove that connects the septum to the Nose.
How do You describe Nares?
It is the base of the nose that includes the nostrils (nares)
How is the Posterior Conchae different from the Inferior Conchae of the nose?
Also known a the posterior nares allows the nostrils and the pharynx to communicate within the nasal cavity
Name the Oral Cavity Articulators
Tongue
Tongue Muscles Intrinsic
Tongue Muscles Extrinsic
Innervation
Teeth
Lips
Hard Palate
Faucial Pillars
Tonsils
Buccal Cavity
What is the oral cavity bounded how?
Anteriorly and laterally by the teeth, and the alveolar process, superiorly by the hard and soft palates, posteriorly by the palatoglossal arch and inferiorly by the muscular floor primarily the tongue
The Lips
Are composed of four layers of tissue, which are cutaneous, muscular, glandular, and mucous
The Hard Palate
Articulates at the mid-line and contribute to about the anterior 3/4ths of the bony roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity.
The Rugae
Are transverse ridges or wrinkles that are mucous membranes that develop on the posterior slope of the alveolar arch.
The Raphe are
Presents mid-line and is Posterior to the rugae and continued back throughout the length of the palate.
Palatal Vault or arch is
The physiology of the hard palate, from thick at the anterior and lateral margins, becoming progressively thinner toward the midline
Faucial Pillars are
Anterior and Posterior It is the the mouth cavity has been transversely slit at the cheeks and the tongue is pulled backward. it is notice between the uvlula
The Tonsils are
A small triangular space that is wider below than above the arches of the Fauces, which are between the palatoglossal and the palatopharyngeal arches.
Buccal Cavity is
The small limited space that is by the lips and cheeks externally and by the gums and teeth internally. When jaw is closed it is the small space on either side behind the molars or wisdom teeth.
What ring consists of the palatine tonsils laterally, the adenoids superiorly, and the lingual tonsil inferiorly.
Waldeyer’s Ring
The Tongue is considered to be
The most important and the most active of articulators
The Divisions of the Tongue are?
Front
Blade
Tip
Back
The Dorsum of the tongue has division as well. What are they?
Foramen Cecum- is a remanant of the embryonic origin of the thyroid gland.
Sulcus terminalis- a shallow V-Shaped groove that courses anteriorly and laterally to the margins of the tongue.
Longitudinal Sulcus- it continues from front to back to a pit of variable extent.(foramen cecum)
What are the INTRINSIC MUSCLE of the TONGUE
Superior Longitudinal
Inferior Longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
The muscle of the tongue that is a thin layer of oblique and longitudinal muscle fibers, lying deep of the membrane of the dorsum of the tongue is called
Superior Longitudinal Muscle
What physical effects does the Inferior Longitudinal muscle of the tongue have.
Upon contractions this muscle either shortens the tongue or pulls the tip downward.
True or False? The contraction of the transverse muscle causes the tongue to narrow and to become elongated.
True
Besides being confined to the lateral portion of the tongue. What else does the Vertical Muscle of the tongue do?
It flattens the Tongue
The Extrinsic Muscle of the Tongue are?
Genioglossus- which forms the bulk of the Tongue tissue.
Styloglossus- the smallest of the three muscle that arise at the styloid processes.
Palatoglossus- may be regarded as a muscle of the tongue or of the palate.
Hyoglossus Muscle- a thin quadrilateral sheet muscle, It originates from the upper border of the greater cornu and from the corpus of the hyoid bones.
What are the Innverator’s of the Tongue?
CN XII, CN VII, and CN V
What is the Teeth considered to a precursor to?
The Digestive Process.
The Teeth are connected to what features?
Alveolar Ridge, Surfaces, and Deciduous
Review page 242
figure 4-49
What are the dental Surfaces
Buccal Surface —–Lingual Surface left side
Labial surface——–Lingual Surface left side to the front teeth,
Mesial Surface———Distal Surface middle front to the right side.
Distal-Occlusal-Distal Surface——-Mesial Surface right side to back right.
What is the formula for Deciduous Dental Arch?
I 2/2 C 1/1 M 2/2 X 2= 20
What are the names of the the Primary Dental Arch?
I= incisor
C= canine
M= molar
