Outine 14 Skull And Facial Skeleton Flashcards
Velopharynx and nasal cavity…….
- velum closes against posterior wall
- it is the opening between throat and nose
- velum closure for SUCKING and SWALLOWING and SPEECH
Most inferior muscle of velum?
Lavator veil palatine
Describe lavator veil palatine
Courses downward into middle of soft palate(velum) and forms aver or sling of muscle
When lavator veli palatine contracts, it pulls velum up and back?
Yes
When tensor veli palatine contract, it twist gestation tube and opens it?
Yes
What is the most superior muscle of velum?
Uvulus
Where does uvula arise from?
Uvula arises from posterior bony structure of hard palate
Facts about palatopharyngeous…
Comes from velum and attaches beow VELOR DEPRESSOR Lower soft palate or raise the tongue Makes "k" sound Nasal sound 'M' 'n' 'ng' phonemes Intervated by Vegas nerve
Cognates made by apex of tongue?
“D”—voiced sound
“T”—unvoiced
Cognates from dorsum of tongue?
“G”—voiced
“K”—unvoiced
Structures of nasal pharynx……
Opening to gestation tube
Adoid pad
Cranial skeleton is also known as?
Skull
What are the names of the 2 frame works for articulation and resonance?
Facial skeleton and skull
Is skull resonance?
Yes
Is facial skeleton articulation?
Yes
Resonance depends on what 3 things of the vocal tract?
Size, length, shape
Where does vocal tract begin?
Goes from top of true vocal folds where aire starts vibrating and out to end of lips and tip of nose
Mandible and hyoid bone are inferior structures for articulation?
Yes
For resonance track, cervical vertebra is posterior and cranial and facial bones are superior and anterior?
Yes
Are baby skulls fused at birth?
No
Why are baby skulls not fused at birth?
It allows for growth and childbirthing
What are the gaps in skulls called?
Fontinelles
Is baby brain 25% of adult size when born?
At 2yrs old is baby brain 75% adult size?
Yes
Yes
What are the names of 3 cranial pathologies?
Plagiocephaly
Cranial synostosis
Decision threshold- 6 months
Describe plagiocephaly
External molding/ baby head being pressed consistantly developing a flat spot on back of skull
Other name for cranial synostosis
Synostotic
What is cranial synostosis/synostotic
Bones of skull fused together
How many bones does the skull have?
8
Name 8 skull bones
Frontal lobe Parietal bone(2) Occipital bone Temporal bone(2)Ethmoid bone Ethmoid bone Sphenoid bone
Facts of Frontal bone……
Also known as squamous portion
Anterior of frontal bone forms eye socket
Frontal bone articulates with NASAL BONE
Coronal and Saggital suture is articulation with Parietal bone
Facts of Parietal bone
Forms mid portion of skull
Has SKULL CAP=skull head
Forms bulk of brain case
Located superiorly;anterior lay, posteriorly on skull
Facts of occipital bone……..
- Forms posterior and inferior skull
- Holds hearing…
- Forms roof of pharynx
- Articulates with atlas at top of cervical vertebrae
- Anteriorly occipital bone articulates with parietal bone
- inferiorly and laterally it articulates with temporal and sphenoid bone
- occipital contains for amen magnum
Facts about temporal bone…..
It is a paired bone
Cochlea and vestibular canals in temporal bone and middle ear cavities in temporal bone
Ridges in skull are sharp–shearing injuries….
How many parts does temporal bone have?
5 parts……….
What are the names of 5 parts to temporal bone?
Zygomatic process Mastoid process Petrus portion Styloid process Squamous part
Zygomatic process…….
Check one
Crossed by inferior temporal line and temporal lobe of brain beneath it
Mastoid process………
- Behind ear—— lumpy, filled with mastoid aire cells
- mastoid aire cells and sinuses in facial and cranial spaces filled with aire— natures way of making head less heavy
- posterior belly of dicastricus attaches here
Petrus portion/ petromastoid
Tympanic
- Wrapping underneath base of skull; along Petrus portion along occipital and sphenoid for base of skull
- goes inward from joint of jaw
- houses organ of hearing and balance——inner ear is vestibular canals and chocked
- levator veli palatine arises from Petrus portion of temporal bone
*below squamous portion; anterior to mastoid process, tympanic part form floor and wall of external auditory MEATUS
Styloid process…….
- Pink bony sue horn; long slender projection
- origins of 3 muscles:
- stylohyoid
- stylopharyngeous
- styloglosis - insertion is into tongue or pharynx or hyoid bone
Define MEATUS
Ear canal
Ethmoid bone………..
- central bone;flat plate in middle side septum
- curly sides called concha
- has CRISTA GALLI- cox comb– u can kill with this jabbing elbow at base of skull
- forms part of orbit of eye
- sits at notch of frontal bone
Septum bone?
Crib reform plate of ethmoid bone
Are there lots of olfactory nerve endings coming down ethmoid bone?
Yes
5 parts of ethmoid bone?
CRISTA GALLI Middle concha Superior concha Perpendicular plate ( bony nasal septum) Crib inform plate
Sphenoid bone………
*Unpaired/ shaped like a butterfly
*Forms bulk of floor of mid portion of cranial cavity
*Many points of attachments
*Forms part of orbit of eye
*Has optic canal where optic nerves cross
*
More about sphenoid bone……..
- Posterior to ethmoid bone
- anterior to occipital and temporal bone
- articulates with parietal, frontal, temporal, occipital—– touches every bone
- forms part of nasal and pharyngeal cavities
- articulates with BOMER
- articulates with palatial and maxilla bones
What is BOMER?
Facial bone
Does sphenoid bone articulate with all bones of skull and most of face bones?
Yes
What muscle elevator of velum wraps around Hamulus of Spenoid bone?
Tensor veli palatini
Sinuses—4 paranasal sinuses…… Names?
Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Are the sinuses cavities in the bones?
Yes
What are the sinuses typically filled with?
Aire
Frontal sinuses……
Paired(2)
Deep to eyebrows
Open up to anterior part of nasal cavity
Maxillary sinuses……
- Paired(2)
- Largest of sinuses
- Base is lateral wall of nasal cavity
- Extended sideways to Zygomatic bone
- Roof is orbit to eye
Ethmoid sinuses……
Superior to concha
Thin walled
Located between nasal cavity and orbit of eye
In groups….—– superior, middle, interior
Sphenoid sinuses…..
*cant see them
*paired(2)
*above pharynx
*
What is the function of sinuses?
Reduce weight of skull
What are sinuses lined with
Ciliates mucos
Describe cilia
Hairlike structure
Cilia also lines airway?
Yes
Sinuses give room for skull and facial bones to grow?
Yes
Sinuses contribute to nasal resonance?
Yes
Facial skeleton has how many bones?
14—–6 are paired
Name facial bones……
*mandible
*vomer
Maxilla(paired)
Lacrimal bone(paired)
Nasal bone(paired)
Zygomatic bone(paired)
Palatine(paired)
Inferior concha (paired)
Is the mandible largest facial bone?
Yes
Is the mandible a single bone after first year of life?
Yes
What is the name of point of chin?
Mandibular synthesis
What is another name for mandibular synthesis?
Mental
Does chin have an angle?
Yes
What is a Ramus?
Part of mandible that goes up and bifercates (separates) into 2 processes
What are the names of 2 process of Ramus of mandible?
Condylar process
Coronoid process
Is condylar process…
Fit into temporal bone…
Part of temporal mandibular joint?
Yes
Coronoid process…….
Not join with other bones or cartilages….
IS attached to a muscle(temporalis)…..
Temporalis is a jaw closing muscle……
Yes
Facts about mylohyloid bone…….
Ridge on each side of mandible…….
Has alveolar ridge one on each side…. Each holds a tooth
What is edentulous?
Jaw with no teeth
Does Mental Protuberance spine have attachments points for gynohyoid and anterior for digastricus?
Yes
Maxilla of face a paired bone?
Yes
Maxilla forms what?
Upper jaw
Name 4 processes for maxilla
Zygomatic
Frontal
Alveolar
Palatine
Maxilla forms middle of face and anterior of face?
Floor of nose/roof of mouth?
Floor to orbital cavity?
Bone that separates ORAL and NASAL cavity?
Body is front portion of face?
Yes
Maxilla has canine eminences(alveolar process)?
Yes
Describe zygomatic process of maxilla…..
Frontal process—lateral border of nose, alveolar process–contain teeth, palatine process—- central suture in maxilla AND…..
Central origin of CLFT PALATE
Facts about palatine process of Maxilla……
… Process has to come together to fuse in midline
Fusion happens at a specific window of time in embryonic process
….. If this window closes before bones come together and fuse……. CLEFT PALATE
Is anterior nasal spine most anterior portion of coma bells?….. X-Ray landmark?
Yes
Vomer bone……
Fills gap between ethmoid and maxilla
Most inferior and posterior part of nasal septum
Midline bone
Knife blade, plowshare in shape
Lacrimal bone( paired)…….
Forms portion of medial wall of the orbital cavities
Lateral border of nasal cavities
Zygomatic bone (paired)…….
Forms cheek bone
Forms part of orbit of eye
*remember that frontal, temporal,, maxilla bones have zygomatic processes….. SO……..zygomatic bone has frontal, temporal and maxillary processes.
Palatine bone (paired)……..
Posterior border of hard palate
“L” shaped
Forms part of lateral wall of nasal cavity
Posterior nasal spine ( point at end of nasal spine)
Superior and middle concha( paired)……
Part of ethmoid.
Inferior middle concha looks like a swallow nest
Form inferior turban end
Not attached to anything, just sits on lateral part of nose
Inferior concha is LARGEST of concha
How many bones form orbit of the eye?
7
Name 7 bones that form orbit of eye….
Maxilla bone(facial bone) Lacrimal bone ( facial bone) Perpendicular plate of ethmoid( skull bone) Frontal bone(skull bone) Sphenoid bone(skull bone) Zygomatic bone ( facial bone)
Orbit of eye made up of 7 bones and how many different areas?
6
What are the names of the 6 areas of orbit?
Roof of orbit Floor Medial wall Lateral wall Base Apex( optic nerve goes thru Spenoid bone)
