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Anatomy > Larynx outline 11 > Flashcards

Larynx outline 11 Flashcards

1
Q

How many types of cartilage are there?

A

3——-

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2
Q

Name the three type of cartilages…

A

Hyaline, fibrous, elastic

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3
Q

Hyaline?

A

Most common type of cartilage

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4
Q

What color is hyline cartilage?

A

Bluish; glassy like

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5
Q

Example of fibrous cartilage?

A

Ear, nose——-more stiff/fiberglass like

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6
Q

Example of elastic cartilage……

A

Cartilage in larynx

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7
Q

What is the name of membrane that covers cartilage?

A

Perichondria

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8
Q

How many types of joints are there?

A

3——–

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9
Q

What are the names of 3 joints

A

Synarthrodial
Amphiarthrodial
Synovial

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10
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Special connective tissue

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11
Q

What is Craniosyntosis

A

It’s a synarthrodial joint found in baby skulls when sutures are prematurely closed

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12
Q

Facts about synarthrodial joint…..

A

Bone will break before joint moves

Easy to find in skull

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13
Q

Other areas of synarthrodial joints

A

Roof of mouth
Palate
Pubis—- fuses together with synarthrodial joints

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14
Q

Amphiathrodrial joint facts……..

A

Slightly movable
Examples: spinal disks
Paths between each vertebra/ not much movement until put many vertebra together

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15
Q

Synovial joints facts

A

Freely movable joint

Majority joints in the body

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16
Q

What is another name for synovial joint?

A

Diaryhrodial joint

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17
Q

Ends of bones in a synovial joint is covered by what type of cartilage?

A

Hyline

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18
Q

Synovial joints are encapsulated by what type of fluid?

A

Synovial fluid

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19
Q

Is synovial fluid continuously produced?

A

Yes

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20
Q

Why is synovial fluid continuously produced?

A

It’s a protective mechanism for end of bones

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21
Q

How many types of synovial joints are there?

A

6

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22
Q

Name 6 type of synovial joints

A 
Plane or gliding
Gynglymus
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball and socket
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23
Q

Describe plane/ gliding joint

A

Concave surface matched with convex surface/ cup and saucer- allows for sliding movement
Articulate facets of vertebra
Facets are gliding
Ribs attach to vertebra gliding

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24
Q

Is Ginglymous joint a hinge joint?

A

Yes, it’s a large range of motion only in one plane

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25
Q

Example of ginglymous joint

A

Knee/elbow

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26
Q

Describe a pivot joint

A

Small projection of one bone through another to provide a pivote range of motion

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27
Q

Example of a pivot joint

A

Head

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28
Q

Describe Condyloid joint

A

Oval surface; convexity that fits into it
Cannot do rotation
It goes up and down and side to side

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29
Q

Example of Condyloid joint

A

Mandible

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30
Q

Describe saddle joint

A

Similar to Condyloid joint but has more motion…….. Close to rotation

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31
Q

Example of a saddle joint

A

Bottom of hand by thumb

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32
Q

Describe ball and socket joint

A

Freely movable

Movement in every plane including rotation

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33
Q

Example of ball and socket joint

A

Shoulder and hips

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34
Q

What are laryngeal cartliges?

A

Structure of larynx and 1 bone

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35
Q

How many functions does the larynx have?

A

It has 3 functions

2 biological
1 voluntary

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36
Q

What are the 2 biological functions of the larynx

A

Protection for the aire way valve
When larynx is closed it holds aire in thoracic/ this helps upper body become stronger
Ex: lifting heavy things, birthing, throwing up

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37
Q

What is 1 voluntary function of the larynx

A

Voice

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38
Q

Structure of larynx has how many cartilages?

A

9

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39
Q

How many bones does the larynx have?

A

1

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40
Q

What are the names of 9 cartilages in the larynx

A 
Epiglottis- elastic cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid
2 aritenoids 
2 corniculate 
2 cuneiform
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41
Q

What is the name of the bone in the larynx

A

Hyoid bone

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42
Q

What is the most important function of the larynx?

A

As a VALVE

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43
Q 
Is the hyoid bone in larynx....
Free floating?
Have no articulation to any bone or cartilage?
Un paired?
A central structure?
Superior bone?
U-shaped?
A

YES

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44
Q

Epiglottis cartilage is a midline structure?
Unpaired?
Looks like a leaf?
Sits on hyoid bone?

Primary function:

A

YES

Airway protection

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45
Q

Thyroid cartilage is a central unpaired structure?

Is the largest anterior point(Adams apple)?

A

YES

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46
Q

Is thyroid cartilage a hyline cartilage?

A

Yes

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47
Q

Do the VOCAL FOLDS attach to thyroid cartilage?

A

Yes

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48
Q

Is cricoid cartilage a hyaline cartilage?

A

Yes

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49
Q

Is cricoid cartilage in midline?
Unpaired lateral sides?
Sits on trachea?

A

YES

50
Q 
2Arytenoids sit on cricoid?
Paired?
Make a saddle joint?
Open/ close VOCAL FOLDS?
Used for swallowing?
A

Yes!!!

51
Q

2 corniculate cartilages. Sit on arytenoids?

Do have muscle attachments?

A

Yes

52
Q

2 cuneiform float?
Tucked in aryepligottis folds?

Just sit there……. Theory is that they are vestigial

A

Yes

53
Q

Is the larynx a midline structure?

A

Yes

54
Q

Is the larynx highly dynamic?
Very movable?
When it lifts it closes and we can safely SWALLOW?

A

Yes

55
Q

What do we call muscles that lift larynx?

A

Intrinsic muscles

56
Q

When larynx goes down its opening is at maximum?

A

Yes—- for BREATHING

57
Q

Does the hyoid bone being lifted up and down move the larynx?

What shape is hyoid bone?

A

Yes

U-shaped

58
Q

How many joints are in the laryngeal cartilages?

A

2

59
Q

What are the names of joints of laryngeal cartilages?

A

Cricothyroid joint

Cricoarytenoid joint

60
Q

True or false

If there are no joints, there is no movement?

A

True

61
Q

Laryngeal cartilages mediate all adjustments of vocal folds to close?

Variety of sounds we make? Like shout? Bark?, little sounds?

A

Yes…. Laryngeal cartilages mediate all this

62
Q

What kind of joint is cricothyroid joint?

A

Synovial joint

63
Q

Is cricothyroid joint a ring shaped joint and foundation of hyline cartilage?

A

Yes

64
Q

Facts of cricothyroid

A 
Pivot facets are flat or slightly concave and convex
Movement is slightly rotational
Cricothyroid muscle pulls and contracts
Attach to trachea
Movement lengthens vocal folds
65
Q

If vocal folds are short and fat……

A

Low pitch

66
Q

If vocal folds are long and thin……

A

High pitch

67
Q

Cricarytenoid joint facts…..

A

Sit on articulate facets of cricoid cartilage
Superior edge of lamina of cricoid cartilage
Facets are oval shaped
Arytenoids sot on facets- saddle joint–sliding, rotation

68
Q

When arytenoids slide/rock do vocal folds move?

A

Yes

69
Q

Laryngeal membranes and ligaments

What is an extrinsic ligament?

A

Membranes are wrapping of cartilages and one attachment is outside of larynx

70
Q

What is hypothyroid membrane?

A

Hyoid and thyroid cartilage

71
Q

What is cricotracheal membrane?

A

Fills space between crico cartilage and thyroid cartilage

72
Q

Do membranes and ligaments influence movement?

A

No

73
Q

Laryngeal membrane and ligaments
Intrinsic ligaments…… Interior?
Interconnect laryngeal cartilages?
Affect extent of direction of movement of cartilage: Origin and insertion?

A

Yes

74
Q

Extrinsic membranes and ligaments are connective tissue of inside larynx?

A

Yes

75
Q

What do you call superior portion of membrane in laryngeal membrane and ligament?

A

Quadrangular membrane

76
Q

Is epiglottis elastic cartilage?

A

Yes

77
Q

What is the primary function of epiglottis?

A

Aire way protection

78
Q

Ventricular folds are true vocal folds?

A

No

79
Q

Vocal folds are made up of outermost layer of mucus membranes?

A

Yes

80
Q

What are ceratocricoid ligaments?

A

Joint of thyroid and cricoid cartilage

81
Q

Mucus membrane is made up of how many epiphilia?

A

2—-

82
Q

What are the names of 2 epiphilia?

A

Squamous epiphilia and columnar epiphilia

83
Q

Does squamous epiphilia membrane line the true vocal folds?

A

Yes

84
Q

Columnar epiphilia lines what ?

A

Lines everything else but the true vocal folds

85
Q

Are places and spaces important in terms Oscar swallowing and cancer?

A

Yes

86
Q

What is super glottal?

A

Superglottal is vestibule and ventricul( false vocal folds)

87
Q

Describe vestibule

A

Entryway of top of larynx level of ventricular folds up to airepiglottis folds

88
Q

Describe ventricule

A

False vocal folds

89
Q

Ventricle false vocal folds?

A

Yes

90
Q

From true vocal fold down to bottom cricoid cartilage Is a sub glottal space?

A

Yes

91
Q

What is the space called where true vocal folds are attached?

A

Anterior commisure

92
Q

How do true vocal folds attach to anterior commisure?

A

At front to thyroid cartilage

93
Q

Where is posterior commisure located?

A

It is the arch space in back

94
Q

Do the true folds attach to aritenoids on vocal process called posterior commisure?

A

Yes

95
Q

What are Nodules?

A

Most common lesion in vocal folds—– between posterior and anterior commisure

96
Q

Muscles of larynx…….

Are they paired

A

Yes

97
Q

Muscles of larynx intrinsic and extrinsic?

A

Yes

98
Q

Do extrinsic muscles of larynx elevate or depress the larynx?

A

Yes

99
Q

Do extrinsic muscles in larynx move larynx in throat or fic larynx position?

A

Yes

100
Q

Extrinsic muscles move larynx up or down?

A

Yes

101
Q

What are the names of 2 extrinsic muscles in larynx

A

Suprahyoid

Infrahyoid

102
Q

Supra hyoid extrinsic muscle of larynx has how many sub- muscles?

A

4

103
Q

What are the names so supra hyoid extrinsic muscle of larynx?

A

Dicastricus
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid

104
Q

What do supra hyoid muscles do in the larynx?

A

They are laryngeal elevators/ pick up larynx

105
Q

How many bellies does digastricus muscle have ?

A

2—— anterior/posterior

106
Q

Describe anterior belly

A

Medial inferior border of mandible/ courses posteriorly and inferiorly to intermedian tendon

107
Q

Describe posterior belly of digastrucis

A

Goes from intermediate tendon / it courses superiorly and posteriorly to insert on mastoid process of temporal bone

108
Q

Describe mylohyloid-

A

Muscle that forms floor of mouth/ wide origin arises from medial borders of mandible about to last molar, to join a midline rap hie- muscle fivers attach to midline

109
Q

Describe stylohyiod muscle

A

Long splendor muscle that runs along the sam course of posterior belly of digastricus/ lateral—- when it contracts it pulls hyoid bone up and posteriorly

110
Q

Describe geniohyoid muscle

A

Supior to mylohyloid top / courses posterior and anterior of hyoid bone

111
Q

Infrahiod extrinsic muscle has how many subcategories ?

A 
4
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternotnyroid
112
Q

Describe sternohyoid muscle

A

Menubrium of sternum/ originates posterior: clavicles; courses superiorly to hyoid bone( strap muscle)/ exerts downward- pulls when it contracts

113
Q

Describe omohyoid muscle

A

Shoulder, 2 belly muscle; thin, long muscle fibers; posterior. Bellie originates from superior borders scapula/ courses horizontally and centrally towards intermediate tendon attached to sternum and 1st rib/ anterior belly goes from intermedian tendon / courses vertically and inserts on inferiorly birder of hyoid next to sternum hyoid

114
Q

Describe thyroid muscle of Infrahyoid muscle

A

A cheat/ not a typical Infrahyoid
It’s a laryngeal elevator
Ira an Infrahyoid because it’s below bone,
But nota laryngeal depressor because on contraction thyrohiod closes between thyroid and hyoid cartilage

115
Q

Describe sternothyroid

A

Anteriorly and laterly originates from interior aspect of mani rum and first rib courses superiorly and inserts to oblique line of thyroid cartilage / when it contracts it pulls thyroid cartilage down

116
Q

Intrinsic muscles——– are they located inside larynx?

A

Yes

117
Q

Do intrinsic muscles of larynx shape glottis, control vibratory behavior of vocal folds,?

A

Yes

118
Q

What is the average pitch for female

A

220 hertz per second

119
Q

Intrinsic muscles in larynx???

A

Shape the glottis, control vibratory behavior of vocal folds

120
Q

Thyroartenoid muscle?

A

Has 2 parts

121
Q

What is the name of two thyroarytenoids

A

Thyromusculararis and thyrovocalis

Anatomy (7 decks)

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