Larynx outline 11 Flashcards
How many types of cartilage are there?
3——-
Name the three type of cartilages…
Hyaline, fibrous, elastic
Hyaline?
Most common type of cartilage
What color is hyline cartilage?
Bluish; glassy like
Example of fibrous cartilage?
Ear, nose——-more stiff/fiberglass like
Example of elastic cartilage……
Cartilage in larynx
What is the name of membrane that covers cartilage?
Perichondria
How many types of joints are there?
3——–
What are the names of 3 joints
Synarthrodial
Amphiarthrodial
Synovial
What is cartilage?
Special connective tissue
What is Craniosyntosis
It’s a synarthrodial joint found in baby skulls when sutures are prematurely closed
Facts about synarthrodial joint…..
Bone will break before joint moves
Easy to find in skull
Other areas of synarthrodial joints
Roof of mouth
Palate
Pubis—- fuses together with synarthrodial joints
Amphiathrodrial joint facts……..
Slightly movable
Examples: spinal disks
Paths between each vertebra/ not much movement until put many vertebra together
Synovial joints facts
Freely movable joint
Majority joints in the body
What is another name for synovial joint?
Diaryhrodial joint
Ends of bones in a synovial joint is covered by what type of cartilage?
Hyline
Synovial joints are encapsulated by what type of fluid?
Synovial fluid
Is synovial fluid continuously produced?
Yes
Why is synovial fluid continuously produced?
It’s a protective mechanism for end of bones
How many types of synovial joints are there?
6
Name 6 type of synovial joints
Plane or gliding Gynglymus Pivot Condyloid Saddle Ball and socket
Describe plane/ gliding joint
Concave surface matched with convex surface/ cup and saucer- allows for sliding movement
Articulate facets of vertebra
Facets are gliding
Ribs attach to vertebra gliding
Is Ginglymous joint a hinge joint?
Yes, it’s a large range of motion only in one plane
Example of ginglymous joint
Knee/elbow
Describe a pivot joint
Small projection of one bone through another to provide a pivote range of motion
Example of a pivot joint
Head
Describe Condyloid joint
Oval surface; convexity that fits into it
Cannot do rotation
It goes up and down and side to side
Example of Condyloid joint
Mandible
Describe saddle joint
Similar to Condyloid joint but has more motion…….. Close to rotation
Example of a saddle joint
Bottom of hand by thumb
Describe ball and socket joint
Freely movable
Movement in every plane including rotation
Example of ball and socket joint
Shoulder and hips
What are laryngeal cartliges?
Structure of larynx and 1 bone
How many functions does the larynx have?
It has 3 functions
2 biological
1 voluntary
What are the 2 biological functions of the larynx
Protection for the aire way valve
When larynx is closed it holds aire in thoracic/ this helps upper body become stronger
Ex: lifting heavy things, birthing, throwing up
What is 1 voluntary function of the larynx
Voice
Structure of larynx has how many cartilages?
9
How many bones does the larynx have?
1
What are the names of 9 cartilages in the larynx
Epiglottis- elastic cartilage Thyroid cartilage Cricoid 2 aritenoids 2 corniculate 2 cuneiform
What is the name of the bone in the larynx
Hyoid bone
What is the most important function of the larynx?
As a VALVE
Is the hyoid bone in larynx.... Free floating? Have no articulation to any bone or cartilage? Un paired? A central structure? Superior bone? U-shaped?
YES
Epiglottis cartilage is a midline structure?
Unpaired?
Looks like a leaf?
Sits on hyoid bone?
Primary function:
YES
Airway protection
Thyroid cartilage is a central unpaired structure?
Is the largest anterior point(Adams apple)?
YES
Is thyroid cartilage a hyline cartilage?
Yes
Do the VOCAL FOLDS attach to thyroid cartilage?
Yes
Is cricoid cartilage a hyaline cartilage?
Yes
Is cricoid cartilage in midline?
Unpaired lateral sides?
Sits on trachea?
YES
2Arytenoids sit on cricoid? Paired? Make a saddle joint? Open/ close VOCAL FOLDS? Used for swallowing?
Yes!!!
2 corniculate cartilages. Sit on arytenoids?
Do have muscle attachments?
Yes
2 cuneiform float?
Tucked in aryepligottis folds?
Just sit there……. Theory is that they are vestigial
Yes
Is the larynx a midline structure?
Yes
Is the larynx highly dynamic?
Very movable?
When it lifts it closes and we can safely SWALLOW?
Yes
What do we call muscles that lift larynx?
Intrinsic muscles
When larynx goes down its opening is at maximum?
Yes—- for BREATHING
Does the hyoid bone being lifted up and down move the larynx?
What shape is hyoid bone?
Yes
U-shaped
How many joints are in the laryngeal cartilages?
2
What are the names of joints of laryngeal cartilages?
Cricothyroid joint
Cricoarytenoid joint
True or false
If there are no joints, there is no movement?
True
Laryngeal cartilages mediate all adjustments of vocal folds to close?
Variety of sounds we make? Like shout? Bark?, little sounds?
Yes…. Laryngeal cartilages mediate all this
What kind of joint is cricothyroid joint?
Synovial joint
Is cricothyroid joint a ring shaped joint and foundation of hyline cartilage?
Yes
Facts of cricothyroid
Pivot facets are flat or slightly concave and convex Movement is slightly rotational Cricothyroid muscle pulls and contracts Attach to trachea Movement lengthens vocal folds
If vocal folds are short and fat……
Low pitch
If vocal folds are long and thin……
High pitch
Cricarytenoid joint facts…..
Sit on articulate facets of cricoid cartilage
Superior edge of lamina of cricoid cartilage
Facets are oval shaped
Arytenoids sot on facets- saddle joint–sliding, rotation
When arytenoids slide/rock do vocal folds move?
Yes
Laryngeal membranes and ligaments
What is an extrinsic ligament?
Membranes are wrapping of cartilages and one attachment is outside of larynx
What is hypothyroid membrane?
Hyoid and thyroid cartilage
What is cricotracheal membrane?
Fills space between crico cartilage and thyroid cartilage
Do membranes and ligaments influence movement?
No
Laryngeal membrane and ligaments
Intrinsic ligaments…… Interior?
Interconnect laryngeal cartilages?
Affect extent of direction of movement of cartilage: Origin and insertion?
Yes
Extrinsic membranes and ligaments are connective tissue of inside larynx?
Yes
What do you call superior portion of membrane in laryngeal membrane and ligament?
Quadrangular membrane
Is epiglottis elastic cartilage?
Yes
What is the primary function of epiglottis?
Aire way protection
Ventricular folds are true vocal folds?
No
Vocal folds are made up of outermost layer of mucus membranes?
Yes
What are ceratocricoid ligaments?
Joint of thyroid and cricoid cartilage
Mucus membrane is made up of how many epiphilia?
2—-
What are the names of 2 epiphilia?
Squamous epiphilia and columnar epiphilia
Does squamous epiphilia membrane line the true vocal folds?
Yes
Columnar epiphilia lines what ?
Lines everything else but the true vocal folds
Are places and spaces important in terms Oscar swallowing and cancer?
Yes
What is super glottal?
Superglottal is vestibule and ventricul( false vocal folds)
Describe vestibule
Entryway of top of larynx level of ventricular folds up to airepiglottis folds
Describe ventricule
False vocal folds
Ventricle false vocal folds?
Yes
From true vocal fold down to bottom cricoid cartilage Is a sub glottal space?
Yes
What is the space called where true vocal folds are attached?
Anterior commisure
How do true vocal folds attach to anterior commisure?
At front to thyroid cartilage
Where is posterior commisure located?
It is the arch space in back
Do the true folds attach to aritenoids on vocal process called posterior commisure?
Yes
What are Nodules?
Most common lesion in vocal folds—– between posterior and anterior commisure
Muscles of larynx…….
Are they paired
Yes
Muscles of larynx intrinsic and extrinsic?
Yes
Do extrinsic muscles of larynx elevate or depress the larynx?
Yes
Do extrinsic muscles in larynx move larynx in throat or fic larynx position?
Yes
Extrinsic muscles move larynx up or down?
Yes
What are the names of 2 extrinsic muscles in larynx
Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid
Supra hyoid extrinsic muscle of larynx has how many sub- muscles?
4
What are the names so supra hyoid extrinsic muscle of larynx?
Dicastricus
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
What do supra hyoid muscles do in the larynx?
They are laryngeal elevators/ pick up larynx
How many bellies does digastricus muscle have ?
2—— anterior/posterior
Describe anterior belly
Medial inferior border of mandible/ courses posteriorly and inferiorly to intermedian tendon
Describe posterior belly of digastrucis
Goes from intermediate tendon / it courses superiorly and posteriorly to insert on mastoid process of temporal bone
Describe mylohyloid-
Muscle that forms floor of mouth/ wide origin arises from medial borders of mandible about to last molar, to join a midline rap hie- muscle fivers attach to midline
Describe stylohyiod muscle
Long splendor muscle that runs along the sam course of posterior belly of digastricus/ lateral—- when it contracts it pulls hyoid bone up and posteriorly
Describe geniohyoid muscle
Supior to mylohyloid top / courses posterior and anterior of hyoid bone
Infrahiod extrinsic muscle has how many subcategories ?
4 Sternohyoid Omohyoid Thyrohyoid Sternotnyroid
Describe sternohyoid muscle
Menubrium of sternum/ originates posterior: clavicles; courses superiorly to hyoid bone( strap muscle)/ exerts downward- pulls when it contracts
Describe omohyoid muscle
Shoulder, 2 belly muscle; thin, long muscle fibers; posterior. Bellie originates from superior borders scapula/ courses horizontally and centrally towards intermediate tendon attached to sternum and 1st rib/ anterior belly goes from intermedian tendon / courses vertically and inserts on inferiorly birder of hyoid next to sternum hyoid
Describe thyroid muscle of Infrahyoid muscle
A cheat/ not a typical Infrahyoid
It’s a laryngeal elevator
Ira an Infrahyoid because it’s below bone,
But nota laryngeal depressor because on contraction thyrohiod closes between thyroid and hyoid cartilage
Describe sternothyroid
Anteriorly and laterly originates from interior aspect of mani rum and first rib courses superiorly and inserts to oblique line of thyroid cartilage / when it contracts it pulls thyroid cartilage down
Intrinsic muscles——– are they located inside larynx?
Yes
Do intrinsic muscles of larynx shape glottis, control vibratory behavior of vocal folds,?
Yes
What is the average pitch for female
220 hertz per second
Intrinsic muscles in larynx???
Shape the glottis, control vibratory behavior of vocal folds
Thyroartenoid muscle?
Has 2 parts
What is the name of two thyroarytenoids
Thyromusculararis and thyrovocalis
