Velopharyngeal Dysfunction (VPD) Flashcards
Describe hypernasality
Coupling of oral and nasal cavities during non nasal (oral) sounds ; muffled due to damping effect thru turbinates
Name the 4 resonance disorders
Hypernasality
Hyponasality
Cul de sac
Mixed
Describe hyponasality
Reduced nasal resonance due to blockage (sounds like stuffed up nose)
Describe Cul De Sac
Structural obstruction ; muffled “potato in the mouth”
Describe a mixed resonance disorder
Combo on different sounds; common In Apraxia
What are 6 other effects of VPD
Nasal air emission Nasal grimace Weak or omitted consonants Shorter utterance length Altered rate and duration Compensatory artic
Describe nasal emission
Rustle due to VP leak or fistula on plosives, fricatives, affricates
Describe nasal grimace
Muscle contraction above nasal bridge in effort to achieve VP closure
Describe how the effects of VPD cause weak or omitted consonants
It’s due to the reduced air pressure in oral cavity
Describe how short utterance length is an effect of VPD
It’s a frequent replacing of air pressure
Describe how the effects of VPD cause altered rate and duration
Longer time for utterances, longer VOT
List some ways that compensatory artic is used as a result of VPD
Breathiness /h/ for voiceless plosives Nasal snort Nasal sniff Glottal stop Backing Vowel nasalization
Describe dysphonia
Breathy Hypernasality Hoarse Low intensity Glottal fry Hyper fxn (strain/strangle quality) Vocal fold nodules
T/F: apraxia can accompany VPD
True!!!
What are the 4 factors that impact VPI and speech
Size of VP opening
Inconsistency of VP closure
Abnormal artic
Abnormal phonation
Describe severe hypernasality effects on speech in relation to gap size
Weak consonants
Short utterance length
Describe how moderate hypernasality effects speech based on gap size
Audible nasal emissions
Short utterance length
Describe how mild hypernasality effects speech based on gap size
Audible nasal emissions
What does the smallest gap size indicate ?
Nasal rustle
What are the 3 causes of VPD
VP insufficiency
VP incompetence
VP mis learning
what causes someone to experience VP insufficiency as a cause of VPD?
Cleft palate Short velum Deep pharynx Class 3 malocclusion Adenoid atrophy Tonsillectomy Oral cavity tumor
Describe VP incompetence (physiology-Mvmt) as a cause of VPD
Abnormal muscle insertion
Hypotonia /poor pharyngeal wall Mvmt
Dysarthria, apraxia, neuromuscular disorders
CN deficits (uni. Velar paralysis/paresis
Velar fatigue
Describe VP Mislearning as a cause of VPD
Faulty artic
Bad speech habits
Hearing loss
