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Cleft > Velopharyngeal Dysfunction (VPD) > Flashcards

Velopharyngeal Dysfunction (VPD) Flashcards

0
Q

Describe hypernasality

A

Coupling of oral and nasal cavities during non nasal (oral) sounds ; muffled due to damping effect thru turbinates

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1
Q

Name the 4 resonance disorders

A

Hypernasality
Hyponasality
Cul de sac
Mixed

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2
Q

Describe hyponasality

A

Reduced nasal resonance due to blockage (sounds like stuffed up nose)

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3
Q

Describe Cul De Sac

A

Structural obstruction ; muffled “potato in the mouth”

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4
Q

Describe a mixed resonance disorder

A

Combo on different sounds; common In Apraxia

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5
Q

What are 6 other effects of VPD

A 
Nasal air emission
Nasal grimace
Weak or omitted consonants
Shorter utterance length
Altered rate and duration 
Compensatory artic
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6
Q

Describe nasal emission

A

Rustle due to VP leak or fistula on plosives, fricatives, affricates

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7
Q

Describe nasal grimace

A

Muscle contraction above nasal bridge in effort to achieve VP closure

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8
Q

Describe how the effects of VPD cause weak or omitted consonants

A

It’s due to the reduced air pressure in oral cavity

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9
Q

Describe how short utterance length is an effect of VPD

A

It’s a frequent replacing of air pressure

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10
Q

Describe how the effects of VPD cause altered rate and duration

A

Longer time for utterances, longer VOT

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11
Q

List some ways that compensatory artic is used as a result of VPD

A 
Breathiness
/h/ for voiceless plosives
Nasal snort
Nasal sniff
Glottal stop
Backing
Vowel nasalization
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12
Q

Describe dysphonia

A 
Breathy
Hypernasality
Hoarse
Low intensity
Glottal fry
Hyper fxn (strain/strangle quality)
Vocal fold nodules
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13
Q

T/F: apraxia can accompany VPD

A

True!!!

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14
Q

What are the 4 factors that impact VPI and speech

A

Size of VP opening
Inconsistency of VP closure
Abnormal artic
Abnormal phonation

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15
Q

Describe severe hypernasality effects on speech in relation to gap size

A

Weak consonants

Short utterance length

16
Q

Describe how moderate hypernasality effects speech based on gap size

A

Audible nasal emissions

Short utterance length

17
Q

Describe how mild hypernasality effects speech based on gap size

A

Audible nasal emissions

18
Q

What does the smallest gap size indicate ?

A

Nasal rustle

19
Q

What are the 3 causes of VPD

A

VP insufficiency
VP incompetence
VP mis learning

20
Q

what causes someone to experience VP insufficiency as a cause of VPD?

A 
Cleft palate
Short velum
Deep pharynx
Class 3 malocclusion 
Adenoid atrophy
Tonsillectomy
Oral cavity tumor
21
Q

Describe VP incompetence (physiology-Mvmt) as a cause of VPD

A

Abnormal muscle insertion
Hypotonia /poor pharyngeal wall Mvmt
Dysarthria, apraxia, neuromuscular disorders
CN deficits (uni. Velar paralysis/paresis
Velar fatigue

22
Q

Describe VP Mislearning as a cause of VPD

A

Faulty artic
Bad speech habits
Hearing loss

Cleft (6 decks)

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