A&P Of Orofacial/VP Flashcards
What are the 3 parts of the septum?
Vomer bone
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Quadrangular cartilage
Name the parts of the outer nose
Nasal bridge Nasal tip Columella Naris Ala base Ala rim
What are the 5 parts of the upper lip?
Philtrum Philtral ridges Cupids bow Vermilion Tubercle
Name the 8 parts of the hard palate
Premaxilla
Palatine process of maxilla
Palatine bone
Incisive foramen
Incisive
Median palatine suture
Transverse palatine suture
Posterior nasal spine
Name the 4 things the uvula is made up of (No fxn)
Mucosa
Glandilar tissue
Adipose
Vascular
Name the 3 parts of the pharynx
Oropharynx
Nasopharynx
Hypopharynx
If someone has a bifid uvula, that person could have a ….
Genetic disorder or cleft
What does the Eustachian tube connect ?
The middle ear with the pharynx
What are the 3 main parts of the velum?
Oral surface
Nasal surface
Anterior portion
What are the 5 muscles of the VP?
Levator veli palatini Superior pharyngeal constrictor Palatopharyngeus Musculus uvulae Tensor veli palatini
What does the levator veli palatini do?
Velar elevation “sling”
Most involved with velar elevation
What does the superior pharyn. Constrictor do?
Constricts pharyn. Walls to narrow vp against.
Closest to the velum
What does the palatopharyngeus do?
Narrows the pharynx
What does the Musculus uvulae do?
BULGES - for seal on nasal surface
What does the tensor veli palatini do?
Opens Eustachian tube
Kids with cleft have issues with tensor veli palatini which causes problems how?
The course may be wrong , they may be born without it, it could create HL over time
Does the vp have motor or sensory innovation?
BOTH!
Name the 5 cranial nerves associated with MOTOR innovation of the VP.
Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vagus (X) Accessory (XI) Trigeminal (V) Facial (VII)
Name the 2 cranial nerves associated with SENSORY innovation of the VP
Vagus (X)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
What are the 7 physiological subsystems for speech ?
Respiration Phonation Resonation Articulation Prosody Nervous system Auditory system
Describe the physiology of the VP
Velar Mvmt, lateral pharyn.wall Mvmt, posterior pharyn. Wall Mvmt,
Passavants ridge
What is Passavants ridge?
A shelf like ridge of muscle projecting from posterior pharyngeal wall into pharynx. It looks like a bulge and some people have it and some don’t. It appears in normal and abnormal A&P.
Name the 4 VP closure variations of normal speakers.
Coronal
Sagittal
Circular
Circular with Passavants ridge
What type of activity is involved with VP closure?
Speech
Swallow
Gag
Vomit
VP must be completely closed BEFORE…
Phonation begins
How are phonemes affected by VP closure variations?
They’re affected by tongue movement of co articulated sounds; greatest force on fricatives and consonants.
How does VP closure affect rate and fatigue?
It increases speech rate and fatigue which causes decreased closure force
T/F: VP muscles can atrophy due to non use because of VP difsxn
TRUE!
Describe factors that affect VP function
Lack of muscle bulk (especially levator)
Abnormal muscle insertion
Malposition of repaired muscles
Scar tissue (gets stiff & doesn’t allow velar muscle to move)
Less faucial pillar pressure (esp. Post.faucial pillar/palatopharyngeus)
Short velum (pharyngeal walls & velum can’t touch to close)
Deep pharynx (lack of closure)
Describe the changes in VP function due to growth and age
Facial bones continue to grow into early adulthood
Pharynx: newborn 4 cm long, adult 20 cm
Nasoparynx: increases 80% in volume between infancy and adulthood
VP function DOES NOT DETERIORATE AS A FACTOR OF AGE
