Abnormal A&P

Question 0

What are 5 causes of cleft?

Answer 0

Embryologic under development 
Chromosomal disorders
Genetic disorders
Maternal factors
Environmental teratogens

Question 1

What is a cleft?

Answer 1

An abnormal opening (fissure) in an anatomical structure that is typically closed. It’s a failure of parts to fuse at the midline. All structures are present, but not fused or developed normally.

Question 2

What are the 2 types of Embryologic underdevelopment?

Answer 2

Cell migration delay

Cell disruption

Question 3

What are maternal factors that cause cleft?

Answer 3

Old age(>34) , utero factors, maternal malnutrition

Question 4

What are some environmental teratogens that cause cleft?

Answer 4

Cigarette smoke, Dilantin, thalidomide(drug for inflammation), Valium, lead, corticosteroids

Question 5

What area do primary cleft palates affect?

Answer 5

Lip and alveolus

Question 6

Name the types of primary cleft palates

Answer 6

Complete( thru to incisive foramen) or incomplete (lip only)

Unilateral or bilateral

Question 7

What area do secondary cleft palates affect?

Answer 7

Hard palate and velum

Question 8

Name the types of secondary palates

Answer 8

Complete (uvula to incisive foramen) or incomplete (bifid uvula into velum). Can be with or without cleft lip.

Question 9

T/F: you can either have a primary or secondary cleft, but not both

Answer 9

FALSE: You can have both a primary and secondary cleft at the same time

Question 10

T/F: Length has to do with cleft, not width

Answer 10

TRUE: width has nothing to do with it

Question 11

What are the 2 types of submucous clefts?

Answer 11

Overt: includes a bifid uvula, zona pellucida(blue area in middle of velum) and posterior hard palate notch

Occult: hidden on nasal surface (via nasoendoscopy)

Question 12

What might you see to help you identify a submucous cleft?

Answer 12

An area that looks odd at midline when going through the floor of the nasal cavity. You may see a boney notch at the back of the hard palate, zona pellucida or a bifid uvula

Question 13

Name the 2 types of facial clefts

Answer 13

Oblique

Midline

Question 14

Describe oblique facial clefts

Answer 14

They can be unilateral or bilateral, and affect skeletal and skin tissue. They begin at the mouth >lateral, horizontal, upward (extreme disfigurement that works it’s way outward). *some are incompatible with life and die at birth

Question 15

Describe midline facial clefts

Answer 15

They’re milder than oblique facial clefts and cause cranial base anomalies (things that don’t form in the brain) such as encephalocele and absent corpus callosum. They’re associated with other midline anomalies such as bifid nose, frontonasal dysplasia, hypertelorism, holoprosencephaly (big head-incompatible with life)