Veins Flashcards
What are the two groups of veins?
- pulmonary venous system (small circulation) which takes re-oxygenated blood to the left atrium.
- venous system of high circulation which is deoxygenated blood from organs to the right atrium.
Veins are more numerous than arteries. True or False.
True, there are about 2 veins for each artery.
What is the portal system?
It is where veins are divided into capillaries and then followed by on or more new veins. An example is portal vein between the intestines and the liver.
What constitutes the cranial vena cava?
It is made of 4 large veins:
in horses and cows = 2 x axillary veins and 2 x jugular veins
in carnivores = 2 x subclavian and 2 x jugular veins.
What are the tributaries of the cranial vena cava in the horse?
- internal thoracic vein
- vertebral vein
- costo-cervical vein
- deep cervical vein
- right azygous vein
What are the tributaries of the cranial vena cava in the cow?
- internal thoracic
- vertebral vein
- deep cervical
- costo-cervical
- left azygous vein
What are the tributaries of the cranial vena cava in carnivores?
- internal thoracic vein
- thyroid vein
- costo-cervical
- right azygous
- veterbral vein
What are the roots of the cranial vena cava?
the jugular veins.
Where do the jugular veins begin?
They begin at two roots, the superficial temporal and the maxillary veins.
Where is the jugular vein in the horse located?
In the jugular groove betweenn the brachiocephalic and the sterno-cephalic muscles.
in horses it is only the external jugular vein.
Where is the jugular vein in carnivores?
External = superficially lies on sternocephalicus to base of the neck at brachiocephalicus. Internal = satellite to common carotid artery,
Where is the jugular vein in cows?
External = jugular groove where it separated from primitive aorta by sternicephalicus and omohyoideum muscles. Internal = satellite to common carotid but it can be absent.
What are the tributaries of the jugular vein in the horse?
- mandibulomuscular vein
- caudal auricular vein
- occipital vein
- cranial thyroid vein
- facial vein
- cephalic vein
What are the tributaries of the jugular vein in the dog?
- omobrachial vein
- cephalic vein
- internal jugular vein
- superficial cervical vein
Where are the roots of the jugular vein in the horse?
- superficial temporal vein
- maxillary vein
- CNS veins (sinus of skull and cranial vault)
Where are the roots of the jugular vein in the dog?
- glossofacial veins
- retromandibular veins
- CNS veins
What are the axillary and forelimb veins of the horse?
hand veins:
- ungulate veins
- digital veins
- metacarpal and carpal veins (medial, lateral common digital veins and metacarpal deep veins)
Forearm and arm
- superficial veins (accessory cephalic, cephalic and subcutaneous thoracic)
- deep veins (medial and brachial veins).
What are the axillary and forelimb veins of the dog?
hand veins:
- superficial (to cephalic vein)
- deep (to subclavian vein)
Where is the caudal vena cava located and what is it’s function?
It extends from the pelvic entrance (confluence of two large common iliac veins) to the right atrium, running under vertebrae to the right of the caudal aorta.
It collects all hindlimb, pelvis and abdomen veins.
What are the tributaries of caudal vena cava in the horse?
parietal: - lumbar veins - phrenic veins visceral - testicular - ovarian - renal - portal
What are the tributaries of the caudal vena cava in the dog?
parietal - lumbar - cranial and caudal phrenic - abdominal cranal - deep iliac circumflex visceral - ovarian - testicular - renal - suprarenal - portal
Where is the portal vein?
the portal vein originates at the sublumbar region and end in the hilum of the liver.
What is the function of the portal vein?
collects blood from the abdominal portion of the digestive system and spleen.
What are the two iliac veins of the caudal vena cava?
the external (follows femoral vein) and internal (two roots - internal pudenal vein and caudal gluteal vein). these help drain the blood from the pelvic area, inguinal area and abdominal wall.
What are the veins of the cows’ udder?
- caudal superficial epigastric vein or cranial mammary vein
- external pudenal vein or inguinal mammary vein
- perineal or caudal mammary vein
What are the hindlimb veins of the horse?
- superficial (medial and lateral saphenous)
- deep veins (cranial and caudal tibial veins, popliteal and femoral veins)
What are the hindlimb veins of the dog?
- superficial (medial and lateral saphenous)
- deep (cranial and caudal tibial veins, popliteal and femoral veins).
