Upper Respiratory system Flashcards
What constitutes the upper respiratory?
Nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx and larynx.
What are the nares and what are their functions?
They are two openings located above the upper lip which communicates with the outside via nostrils. It guides air into the respiratory system.
It also control the flow of air by increasing and decreasing in size.
What is the features of the nasal cavity and what are their functions?
The nasal cavity is separated by the nasal septum and is also separated from the oral cavity by the hard palate (maxillary, incisive and palatine).
It communicates to orifices through choanae.
What are the functions of the nasal cavity?
- olfactory
- respiratory
- thermoregulation
- pheromone
What are nasal conchae’s?
- thin coiled bone blades lined with nasal mucosa
- there are bulla (coiled blade which is closed).
What is the nasal meatus?
they are longitudinal gutters, there is one dorsal, one middle and one ventral.
What are the paranasal sinuses?
These are cavities in the nasal cavity which communicates. They are rudimentary at birth but develop with age.
How many sinuses are there in the horse per half head and what are they?
There are 5
- frontal
- spheniodal
- ethmoidal
- rostral maxillary
- caudal maxillary
How many sinuses are there in the cow per half head and what are they?
There are 4
- frontal
- sphenoidal
- ethmoidal
- maxillary
How many sinuses are there in the dog per half head and what are they?
There are 3
- frontal
- sphenoidal
- maxillary
What is the communication system between the sinuses in the horse?
All the sinuses in the communicate indirectly with the caudal maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity except for the rostral maxillary which communicates with the nasal cavity through a slot.
What is the difference between the horse and ox nasal cavity?
The ox nasal cavity doesn’t separate the two nasal cavities completely. They can communicate posteriorly.
What is the communication system between the sinuses of the ox?
The frontal sinus is completely separated from the other sinuses but it communicates with nasal sinuses through aditas naso-frontalis orifice.
How many openings does the pharynx have?
Seven
What is the location and function of the pharynx?
crainally it is located at the soft palate, caudally at the midline of the raphne where several muscles of the organ are. laterally connected to the carotid arteries. the upper floor is behind the soft palate and the lower floor is above larynx.
It’s function is the channel between pharynx, the swallowing organ.