Vector-borne and zoonotic bacterial infections Flashcards

1
Q

Rickettsia species causes

A

Spotted fevers and typhus

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2
Q

Erlichia chaffeensis causes

A

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis

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3
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes

A

Anaplasmosis

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4
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi causes

A

Lyme disease

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5
Q

What does borrelia burdorferi look like?

A

Spirochete, hard to visualize with gram stain because it’s so small.

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6
Q

Lyme disease rash called

A

Bulls eye or erythema migrans

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7
Q

Can lyme disease affect the heart?

A

Yes causes heart block.

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8
Q

What is the vector for B. burgdorferi?

A

Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick).

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9
Q

Where is B. burgdorferi common?

A

Northeast

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10
Q

Reservoir for burgdorferi?

A

White footed mice, which are bitten by Ixodes scapularis

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11
Q

Why are deer significant in lyme disease?

A

Because they keep adult ticks (that are carrying Borrelia burgdorferi) alive

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12
Q

What stage of ixode development is most significant for causing disease?

A

Nymph

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13
Q

Phases of lyme disease

A

Early localized: characterized by erythemia migrans and mild systemic symptoms (fever, chills).

Early disseminated: Meningitis, Bell’s Palsy, heart block, rash.

Late disease: Arthritis on knees, chronic neurological problems

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14
Q

How to diagnose?

A

Clinical picture, IgG and IgM antibody tests.

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15
Q

How to treat lyme disease

A

Oral doxycycline (amoxicillin in children), or if it gets serious, cefriaxone.

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16
Q

Leptospirosis caused by

A

Leptospira species. Comes from raccoon urine that is picked up by dogs, can be transmitted to humans.

17
Q

Diagnosis of leptospirosis?

A

Serology, look for serum antibodies

18
Q

Treatment of leptospirosis

A

Penicillin

19
Q

Symptoms of leptospirosis

A

Hematogenous spread causing fever and headache. Then full blown disease occurs causing meningitis, nephritis, hepatitis, rash.

20
Q

Rickettsia Rickettsii causes

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

21
Q

Rickettsia Rickettsii gram stain?

22
Q

Reservoir?

A

Hard ticks, also the vector

23
Q

Why is it so important?

A

23% mortality

24
Q

How is R. rickettsii pathogenic?

A

Obligate intracellular organism

25
Where does R. rickettsii occur?
Southeast
26
What are the symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever?
Fever, headache, spotted rash.
27
How does R. rickettsii enter the cell?
At endothelial cell! Induces its own phagocytosis, releases phospholipase to escape from the phagosome and propels itself by using host cell actin.
28
Ehrlichiosis caused by?
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
29
What happens in ehrlichiosis?
Monocytes are invaded
30
What causes anaplasmosis?
Anaplasma phagocytophilium
31
What happens in anaplasmosis?
Granulocytes invaded.
32
Where do ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis occur?
E: Southeast A: Northeast
33
How to treat rickettsia, ehrlichiosis, and anaplasmosis?
Immediate doxycycline.