Final Exam Review- Fungi and Parasites Flashcards
Treatment for C. albicans
Fluconazole, amphotericin, echinocandins.
Candida albicans type and key concepts
Opportunistic infection. Found in indwelling catheters and parenteral nutrition. Mucocutaneous, esophageal (AIDS), vaginal, cutaneous.
Cryptococcus neoformans
Opportunistic infection. Leading cause of fungal meningitis. Found in bird droppings. Causes halo shape when stained with India ink. Virulence factors include melanin and phenotypic switching (changes in capsule/cell wall).
Treatment for C. neoformans
Amphotericin, followed by fluconazole
Histoplasma capsulatum
Systemic dimorphic endemic fungus that hides in macrophages. Can be inhaled when spelunking or around bats. Causes necrotizing granulomas, diagnosed with a urine antigen test. Found in Ohio River Valley. Treat with amphotericin or itraconazole.
Treatment for histoplasma capsulatum?
Amphotericin or itraconazole
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Systemic dimorphic endemic fungus. Broad based budding. Also found in Ohio River Valley. Causes lung disease. Treat with amphotericin, itraconazole, fluconazole.
Coccidioides immitis
Systemic dimorphic endemic fungus. Crowds in southwestern US, spheroid is diagnostic, causes flu-like illness.
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis
Mariner’s wheel appearance. Male predominance, causes a cough and necrotizing granulomas. Treat with itraconazole.
Penicillium Marneffei
Opportunistic and dimorphic. In asia causes umbilicated skin lesions. Treat with amphotericin and 5FC.
Mucor
Opportunistic infection, common in diabetes, treatment with iron chelators, causes black necrotic lesions. Has wide hyphae with right angle branching. Treat with posaconazole
Treatment for mucormycosis?
Posaconazole - stops angioinvasion and tissue death
and tissue debridement.
Aspergillus
Opportunistic fungus with narrow hyphae that branch at acute angles. Has fruiting body. Causes Allergic BP aspergellosis (ABPA) and aspergillomas. Treat by reinstating the immune system, but if severe, try voriconazole.
How to treat aspergillosis?
Voriconazole or immune system reinstatement.
PCP
Caused by pneumocystic jiroveci, treat with TMP-SMZ. Common when CD4 <200.
Malassezia furfur
Dermatophyte that causes hypopigmentation (Pityriasis versicolor) and has a spaghetti and meatballs look with KOH stain.
Eumycetoma
Swollen foot with fungal granules