Vasodilators Flashcards

1
Q

Types of vasodilators

A

cGMP modulators
K+ channel agonists
Endothelin receptor antagonists
PGI2 analogs - IP receptor agonists

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2
Q

Vasodilators that regulate membrane potential

A

K+ channel agonists

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3
Q

Minoxidil

A

K+ channel agonist
Activated by sulfotransferase 1A1
Used w loop diuretics and B-blockers
Used for resistant HTN
Admin PO

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4
Q

Diazoxide

A

Not often used now
Inhibits insulin release from pancreatic B-cells
Admin IV for HTN
Admin PO for hypoglycemia

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5
Q

Adenosine

A

GPCR - binds to A1 receptor
Promotes hyperpolarization -> relaxation
Admin IV for coronary stress test

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6
Q

Nitric oxide synthase

A

eNOS isoform -> activated by Ca-CAM in vasc endothelium -> NO diffuses to vasc smooth musc -> guanylate cyclase

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7
Q

NO uses

A

ACh relaxes smooth muscle via NO
Exogenously applied NO directly relaxes smooth muscle

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8
Q

NO MOA

A

No binds heme in guanylate cyclase -> stimulates prod of cGMP -> activates protein kinase G

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9
Q

cGKi MOA to relax smooth muscle

A

Inhibit Ca channels (Cav1.2)
Stimulate Ca-activated K channels (BKCa)
Decrease MLC phosphorylation (Myosin phosphatase 1)
Enhance Ca uptake in ER (phospholamban)

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10
Q

Organic nitrates

A

Non-selective vasodilators
Bioactivation
Don’t require functional endothelium

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11
Q

Organic nitrate drugs

A

Amylnitrite
Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)
Pentaerythritol tetranirate (PETN)
Isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide mononitrate
Nitroprusside

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12
Q

Organic nitrate administration

A

Sublingual for angina
PO for prophylaxis
Tolerance with prolonged use

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13
Q

Munition workers incidents

A

Tolerance to glyceryl trinitrate

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14
Q

GTN and Lys 504

A

Lys 504 metabolizes GTN slower
Decreased GTN efficacy
Common in Asian population -> alc intolerance (asian flushing)

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15
Q

Cell damage via hyperglycemia

A

ACh/NO promotes vasorelaxation
Methylglyoxal inhibits vasorelaxation from ocurring

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16
Q

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)

A

Metabolized in erythrocytes
Forms CN -> limits tx because toxicity
Admin IV for HTN crisis and HF

17
Q

Hydralazine

A

Dilates arterioles preferentially
Interferes with Ca release from ER
Combo w ISDN in BiDil -> decr mortality in AA people w CHF

18
Q

Human type B natriuretic peptide

A

Binds and activates membrane-bound guanylate cyclase in vasc smooth musc and endothelial cells

19
Q
A